Safety Officer Chapter 5-2 Complete
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of Type I construction?

  • Structural elements are made of wood
  • Structural elements are of limited combustible material (correct)
  • Structural elements have no fire-resistive ratings
  • Structural elements are highly combustible

    • Which of the following is an example of a Type I building?

  • Residential house with a wood frame
  • High-rise building (correct)
  • Single-story wooden house
  • Small office building with wood framing

    • Why do most Type I buildings rely on protective systems?

  • To enhance architectural design
  • To increase energy efficiency
  • To rapidly detect and extinguish fires (correct)
  • To reduce construction costs

    • What can happen if fire protection systems fail in a Type I building?

    <p>A difficult firefight may be required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type II construction, what material are structural elements typically made of?

    <p>Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Type II buildings susceptible to collapse in a fire?

    <p>Rapid deformation due to high heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Type III buildings primarily constructed with?

    <p>Masonry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are firefighters concerned about void spaces in Type III buildings?

    <p>The void spaces can hide fire and allow rapid spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Type IV (heavy timber) buildings from Type III?

    <p>Interior wood structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes 'mill construction' according to the text?

    <p>Stout construction with possible block walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do firefighters find ordinary construction challenging to fight fires in?

    <p>Presence of void spaces for rapid fire spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Noncombustible or limited-combustible material' in Type II construction refers to materials with what characteristic?

    <p>'Noncombustible or limited-combustible' ability to withstand fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Type II' buildings are susceptible to collapse due to:

    <p><strong>Steel deformation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the fast fire spread in a heavy timber building?

    <p>Exposed timbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do heavy timber buildings burn for a long time during a fire?

    <p>Due to the mass and large quantity of exposed structural wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the heavy timber beams to release from the walls during a fire?

    <p>Fire cut on the beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are masonry walls considered unstable during a fire incident in Type IV buildings?

    <p>Loss of compressive weight from floors and roofs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type V wood-frame construction, what material is primarily used for protection against fire?

    <p>Gypsum wall board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are wood-frame buildings considered combustible?

    <p>Because they are made of wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the drywall in Type V wood-frame buildings to become fragile during a fire?

    <p>&quot;Calcination&quot; due to heat exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 30-minute fire rating for drywall in wood-frame buildings viewed critically by firefighters?

    <p>'Calcination' process underestimates real-world conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What warning sign might indicate that fire has penetrated the spaces in wood-frame buildings?

    <p>Smoke from crawl space vents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common reasons that Type IV buildings with heavy timber construction are rare?

    <p>High cost of large dimension lumber and/or laminated wood beams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it beneficial for heavy timber beams to release from the walls during a fire?

    <p>To prevent damage to the load-bearing wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hybrid building according to the text?

    <p>A building that is a mix of multiple NFPA 220 construction types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern for firefighters regarding grid-block Insulated Concrete Forming (ICF) buildings?

    <p>The load-bearing walls are primarily made of EPS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) buildings primarily made of?

    <p>OSB and EPS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the panels in SIP buildings assembled?

    <p>With adhesive and a system of splines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of heat on the interior EPS in SIP buildings?

    <p>It contracts the EPS, leaving combustible voids between wall layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we shy away from using the term 'age' to describe buildings?

    <p>To avoid misunderstandings about the effects of aging on structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge posed by Post-and-beam ICF construction for firefighters?

    <p>'The wall space can allow fire entry through utility cuts.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Expect rapid collapse' in hybrid buildings due to...

    <p>'Low-mass, high-surface-to-mass exposure.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Extended window and door jambs' are indicative of...

    <p>'Thicker walls than typical wood or masonry buildings.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'We do not have much fire experience with buildings constructed with SIP walls.' What does this imply?

    <p>'There is a lack of knowledge about how SIP walls behave in fires.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Post-and-beam ICF different from traditional post-and-beam constructions?

    <p>The use of EPS molds for insulation in columns and beams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which era did the primary threat of a major collapse shift from walls to roofs in commercial buildings?

    <p>Industrial Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What building method was prevalent in the Industrial Era for wood buildings?

    <p>Balloon framing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era saw the transition from hand tools to more substantial building materials and tools like foundries and wood mills?

    <p>Founders' Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the founders' era buildings from a firefighter's perspective?

    <p>Lack of modern fire code requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connections were commonly used for floor-to-wall connections in the Founders' Era buildings?

    <p>Gravity connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era introduced innovative engineering methods to minimize material use and maximize durability?

    <p>Legacy Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of WWI for building construction during the Industrial Era?

    <p>Introduction of steel construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era is associated with more reliable utility systems in building construction?

    <p>Legacy Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the fire spread issues associated with legacy era buildings?

    <p>Smooth-planed wood that readily checks and burns quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common issue related to aging seen in buildings from the Founders' Era?

    <p>Minimal fire code requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does platform framing differ from balloon framing in wood buildings?

    <p>Platform framing involves building walls on top of existing floors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which building element generally self-announces most collapse threats in wood floors and roofs?

    <p>Wood floors and roofs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a curtain wall in steel and concrete commercial buildings?

    <p>Non-load-bearing wall for weather protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of framing was predominant in wood buildings during the Industrial Era?

    <p>Balloon framing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the added interior space in legacy-era buildings lead to higher fire loads?

    <p>Increased weight due to more storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key changes in construction materials during the legacy era?

    <p>Use of plywood for floor and roof decking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of industrial-era wood buildings that could lead to fires spreading rapidly?

    <p>Continuous wood studs for balloon framing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of building codes, what distinguishes a performance-based code from a prescriptive code?

    <p>Prescriptive code specifies how something must function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the lightweight nature of structural elements in modern buildings a concern?

    <p><strong>Due to low surface-to-mass ratio, coupled with an increasing heat-release rate</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the decorative stars, diamonds, 'S' shapes, and metal plates used for in a building?

    <p>To distribute force over more bricks or blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tie rods in a building?

    <p>To provide structural support to the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are joist/rafter tie plates added to older buildings?

    <p>To protect against earthquake collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to tie rods when heated during a fire?

    <p>They elongate and lose their purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can firefighters differentiate between tie rods and joist/rafter tie plates based on the arrangement of spreaders?

    <p>By the number and spacing of the spreaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of categorizing a building by its apparent use?

    <p>To predict potential fire spread and collapse concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is closely related to fire spread issues in a building?

    <p>Occupancy type and contents within the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tie plates help prevent beams from falling out of a wall in older buildings?

    <p>By securing them using wood screws or L-shaped hooks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to distribute force over more bricks or blocks as part of an unseen corrective measure inside a building?

    <p>Spreader plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are tie rods considered to present more dangerous collapse potential for firefighters?

    <p>They elongate when heated during fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In older buildings, what problem do joist/rafter tie plates aim to solve?

    <p>Sagging or shrinking wooden beams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual clues can help differentiate between tie rods and joist/rafter tie plates?

    <p>The number and spacing pattern of spreaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information can the ISO gather from the signage of commercial buildings to understand the fire load?

    <p>Clues to fire load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does building size impact a fire suppression operation?

    <p>Increases staffing needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the ISO view building size as a multiplier for risk-taking?

    <p>To increase risks for firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ISO classify a building using the type/era/use/size approach?

    <p>Step 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect that the ISO considers to predict collapse potential during firefighting operations?

    <p>Distance to reach a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is classifying a building only the first step in predicting collapse?

    <p>To communicate risks to firefighters more clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for an ISO to do before predicting collapse potential during firefighting operations?

    <p>Make a judgment about collapse potential before it occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an ISO establish whether a building will 'behave' during firefighting operations?

    <p>By gathering information on building arrangement and size elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During incident dynamics, why is analyzing and predicting collapse considered essential?

    <p>To ensure firefighter safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there no perfect formula for predicting collapse according to the text?

    <p>Because collapses can happen unpredictably and suddenly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an ISO analyze and predict before the occurrence of a building's collapse?

    <p>The structural involvement indicated by smoke and flames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ISO use a five-step process to predict and communicate collapse potential?

    <p>Predict and communicate after classifying the building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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