Stroke Pathology and Imaging
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Questions and Answers

Which is the leading cause of death in stroke patients?

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Atherosclerotic aneurysm
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage (correct)
  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

    • What is the most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage?

  • Thalamus
  • Cerebellar hemispheres
  • Pontine tegmentum
  • Putamen (correct)

    • Which type of aneurysm is most likely to bleed?

  • Atherosclerotic aneurysm
  • Mycotic aneurysm
  • Berry aneurysm (correct)
  • Arteriovenous malformation

    • What is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for lacunar infarcts?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of vascular rupture in Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms?

    <p>Arteriolar injury with formation of microaneurysms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to an acute increase in intracranial pressure in patients with berry aneurysms?

    <p>Straining at stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen to the hematoma in patients who survive intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Slow resorption over months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of vascular malformation?

    <p>Arteriovenous malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for cystic infarcts (lacunes)?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the definition of a stroke?

    <p>A neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists for more than 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke that is less manageable?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible neurological deficits that can result from a stroke?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiology of global cerebral ischemia?

    <p>Systemic hypoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of embolic arterial occlusion leading to ischemic stroke?

    <p>Thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of an infarct is characterized by demarcation, soft friable tissue, and cysts?

    <p>Intermediate stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of intracranial hemorrhage?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is more likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke that is more manageable?

    <p>Cigarette Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiology of global cerebral ischemia?

    <p>Systemic hypoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to bleed?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of an infarct is characterized by pale soft regions of edema and loss of gray/white matter border?

    <p>Acute stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible neurological deficits that can result from a stroke?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke that is less manageable?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the leading cause of death in stroke patients?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to cause an acute increase in intracranial pressure?

    <p>Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to lead to re-bleeding in survivors?

    <p>Berry aneurysms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most common in the anterior circulation, near arterial branch points?

    <p>Berry aneurysms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to occur in patients with vascular malformations?

    <p>Atherosclerotic aneurysms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for lacunar infarcts?

    <p>Internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for cystic infarcts (lacunes)?

    <p>Deep white matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is most likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in stroke patients?

    <p>Hypertensive cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to cause an acute increase in intracranial pressure?

    <p>Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for lacunar infarcts?

    <p>Basal Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke that is less manageable?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to lead to re-bleeding in survivors?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to bleed?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of an infarct is characterized by pale soft regions of edema and loss of gray/white matter border?

    <p>White infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of intracranial hemorrhage?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of vascular malformation?

    <p>Arteriovenous malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the leading cause of death worldwide?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a stroke?

    <p>Cerebrovascular accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors for stroke is less manageable?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurological deficits can result from a stroke?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?

    <p>Blockage of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is most likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for cystic infarcts (lacunes)?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aneurysm is most likely to cause an acute increase in intracranial pressure?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of vascular malformation?

    <p>Arteriovenous malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leading Causes of Death

    • Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide.
    • Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide.
    • The leading cause of death in stroke patients is heart failure.

    Stroke

    • Stroke is defined as a sudden neurological deficit caused by a focal disturbance of cerebral circulation.
    • Ischemic stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel.
    • Hemorrhagic stroke is more likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation.
    • The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke is hypertension.
    • The most common cause of ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis.

    Aneurysms

    • A berry aneurysm is most likely to bleed.
    • A berry aneurysm is most likely to cause an acute increase in intracranial pressure.
    • A berry aneurysm is most likely to lead to re-bleeding in survivors.
    • A berry aneurysm is most common in the anterior circulation, near arterial branch points.

    Intracerebral Hemorrhage

    • The most common location for intracerebral hemorrhage is the basal ganglia.

    Lacunar Infarcts

    • The most common location for lacunar infarcts is the internal capsule, pons, and thalamus.
    • Lacunar infarcts are small, deep infarcts typically occurring in the deep brain structures.
    • Cystic infarcts (lacunes) are most commonly found in the basal ganglia and thalamus.

    Vascular Malformations

    • The most common type of vascular malformation is an arteriovenous malformation.
    • An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the primary cause of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with a vascular malformation.

    Other

    • The mechanism of vascular rupture in Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms is due to weakening of the blood vessel wall.
    • In patients who survive intracerebral hemorrhage, the hematoma may resolve, stabilize, or even become a cyst.
    • Global cerebral ischemia occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the entire brain.
    • The most common cause of embolic arterial occlusion leading to ischemic stroke is atrial fibrillation.

    Infarct Stages

    • The stage of an infarct is characterized by pale soft regions of edema and loss of gray/white matter border is the early ischemic stage.

    Neurological Deficits

    • The neurological deficits that can result from a stroke include hemisensory defects, hemiparesis with weakness of one side of the body, homonymous hemianopia (loss of vision in one half field of view), aphasia, ataxia, neglect.

    Risk Factors

    • Less manageable risk factors for stroke include age, race, sex, and family history.
    • More manageable risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), and atrial fibrillation.

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    Lecture 2: Pathology & Imaging in Stroke PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the pathology and imaging techniques used in diagnosing and understanding strokes. Learn about the definition of stroke, its clinical manifestations, and the importance of timely intervention.

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