Stroke and Rehabilitation Overview
40 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of upper motor neurons in movement control?

  • They provide inhibitory control over spinal reflexes.
  • They suppress the excitability of motoneurons.
  • They mediate spinal reflex responses without cortical involvement.
  • They are responsible for initiating voluntary movements. (correct)

    • What happens to spinal reflexes when descending control from the upper motor neurons is diminished?

  • Spinal reflexes are completely suppressed.
  • Reflex activity increases only during voluntary movements.
  • There is an increased inhibitory input to reflex arcs.
  • Exaggerated excitation reaches motor neurons. (correct)

    • Which brain structure acts as the major inhibitory system controlling spinal reflexes?

  • Premotor cortex
  • Ventromedial bulbar reticular formation (correct)
  • Corticospinal tract
  • Dorsal reticulospinal tract

    • What consequence arises from damage to the premotor cortex?

    <p>Inhibition of spinal reflex suppression is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the impact of stroke on motor control?

    <p>Common symptoms include exaggerated reflex actions and motor deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one identified recovery mechanism after a stroke?

    <p>Increased intrinsic motoneuron excitability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary aim of rehabilitation programs following a stroke?

    <p>To enhance voluntary movement initiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dorsal reticular formation respond to cortical damage?

    <p>It increases its excitatory output without cortical regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by exaggerated reflexes due to disinhibition of spinal reflexes?

    <p>Hyperreflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between spasticity and rigidity?

    <p>Spasticity is velocity-dependent, while rigidity shows consistent resistance throughout the range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with a sudden release of resistance to movement, commonly found in corticospinal spasticity?

    <p>Clasp-knife phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the positive Babinski sign?

    <p>Abnormal fanning of the toes and extension of the big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign indicates a reversal of the cutaneous flexor reflex commonly seen in upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of contracture in individuals with upper motor neuron dysfunction?

    <p>Prolonged hypertonic spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically transition from the extensor response to the flexor response?

    <p>12 to 24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions?

    <p>Decreased muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates a loss of voluntary control often associated with upper motor neuron damage?

    <p>Loss of dexterity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by brisk, repeated, rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations?

    <p>Clonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to tendon reflexes in patients with lower motor neuron (LMN) damage?

    <p>They become absent or decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraction is characterized by irregular rhythm and variable amplitude occurring rapidly?

    <p>Myoclonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the muscle twitching associated with lower motor neuron dysfunction?

    <p>Fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Babinski sign is true in infants compared to adults?

    <p>Infants exhibit an extensor response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of muscle wasting, how do upper and lower motor neuron injuries differ?

    <p>LMN injury shows disuse atrophy eventually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflex is typically associated with upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Extensor plantar reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mechanism leads to cerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Rupture of an aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is least likely to be affected by basal ganglia lesions?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term risk associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?

    <p>Increased risk of stroke due to vasospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological symptom progression might occur with a growing hematoma?

    <p>Worsening of neurological symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition is ataxia commonly observed?

    <p>Disorders of the cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of apraxia?

    <p>Inability to coordinate muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines aphasia in neurological terms?

    <p>Impairment of language production or comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can the resolution of cerebral edema have after a hemorrhagic stroke?

    <p>More profound neurological recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical consequence of a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Weakness in the contralateral foot and leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is affected by neglect following a lesion?

    <p>Right posterior parietal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with acute basilar artery occlusion?

    <p>High mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with posterior cerebral artery stroke?

    <p>Visual field loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can result in 'locked-in' syndrome?

    <p>Basilar artery stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dysfunction is mostly seen with damage to the posterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Visual processing dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anosmia refer to in the context of anterior cerebral artery strokes?

    <p>Loss of the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a consequence of a posterior cerebral artery stroke?

    <p>Sensory loss in the legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stroke and Rehabilitation Overview

    • Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) syndromes significantly impact movement control, leading to various motor dysfunctions.
    • Common symtoms of stroke include loss of voluntary control, hyperreflexia, spasticity, and decreased dexterity.

    Consequences of Diminished Descending Control

    • UMNs provide excitatory input for voluntary movements; their loss results in increased spinal reflex excitability.
    • Dorsal reticular formation remains active after cortical damage, contributing to exacerbated spinal motion.
    • Spasticity is velocity-dependent, increasing resistance to stretch when muscles are moved quickly.

    Signs and Symptoms of UMN Dysfunction

    • Hyperreflexia: Exaggerated reflex responses due to loss of inhibitory control.
    • Spasticity: Increased muscle tone with exaggerated tendon reflexes; primarily affects antigravity muscles.
    • Clasp-Knife Phenomenon: Sudden release of resistance to passive movement in spastic muscles.
    • Clonus: Rapid rhythmic contractions of a muscle group; can be indicative of UMN lesions.
    • Myoclonus: Irregular, shock-like contractions of muscles.
    • Contracture: Permanent shortening of muscles or joints due to prolonged spasticity.
    • Babinski Sign: Abnormal extension and fanning of toes when the sole is stimulated; indicative of corticospinal damage.

    Mechanisms of Stroke

    • Haemorrhagic Stroke: Caused by the rupture of an aneurysm, typically affecting deep subcortical structures and leading to progressive neurological impairment.
    • Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH): Bleeding into the subarachnoid space causing vasospasms, potentially leading to ischemic deficits similar to those of other strokes.
    • Ataxia: Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity, often due to cerebellar disorders.
    • Apraxia: Difficulty executing familiar movements despite intact desire and capability.
    • Aphasia: Language impairment affecting speech production and comprehension.

    Arterial Strokes and Their Consequences

    • Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke: Affects the frontal and parietal lobes. Symptoms include paralysis or weakness of the contralateral leg, sensory loss, and anosmia.
    • Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke: Impaired function in the occipital lobe and thalamus. Characterized by visual field loss (hemianopsia) and sensory dysfunction.
    • Basilar Artery Stroke: High mortality rate with symptoms like locked-in syndrome, where patients are aware but cannot move or communicate due to paralysis.

    Rehabilitation Aims

    • Rehabilitation seeks to regain motor functions and adapt to neurological deficits due to strokes or UMN syndromes.
    • Understanding the impact of different strokes aids in targeted recovery strategies and patient management.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    NEUR3101 Motor Control Lecture 21: Stroke and Rehabilitation PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the upper motor neuron syndromes and their impact on movement control, focusing on signs and symptoms of dysfunction. Key concepts include hyperreflexia, spasticity, and the clasp-knife phenomenon. It aims to enhance understanding of stroke consequences and rehabilitation strategies.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser