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Questions and Answers
What are the two main types of eating disorders discussed in the document?
What are the two main types of eating disorders discussed in the document?
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of PTSD?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of PTSD?
What is the primary difference between acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD?
What is the primary difference between acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD?
The "Big Book" is used by Alcoholics Anonymous as a resource for managing alcohol addiction.
The "Big Book" is used by Alcoholics Anonymous as a resource for managing alcohol addiction.
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What is the main difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
What is the main difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
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What are the three main types of symptoms associated with schizophrenia?
What are the three main types of symptoms associated with schizophrenia?
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What is the primary difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
What is the primary difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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What is the definition of Korsakoff's syndrome?
What is the definition of Korsakoff's syndrome?
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What are the three main presentations of ADHD discussed in the document?
What are the three main presentations of ADHD discussed in the document?
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What are some of the potential side effects of stimulant medications, commonly used to treat ADHD?
What are some of the potential side effects of stimulant medications, commonly used to treat ADHD?
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There is evidence that vaccines are a significant risk factor for the development of autism.
There is evidence that vaccines are a significant risk factor for the development of autism.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?
Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?
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Study Notes
Stress Disorders
- Reactions to extreme trauma include intrusive recollections, daytime flashbacks, nightmares, and illusions.
- Examples of intrusive recollections include a veteran experiencing an argument and seeing a combat enemy or a 4th of July parade triggering flashbacks for a veteran involved in an IED explosion.
- Dissociative symptoms include feeling detached from one's own body, being in a daze, or dropping out of usual activities.
- Avoidance of trauma-related topics and memory fog are also common dissociative symptoms.
- Chronic hyperarousal involves startle responses, insomnia, hypervigilance, restlessness, irritability, aggressive outbursts, and feelings of unworthiness or being marginalized.
- Reckless, impulsive behaviors may be related to survival guilt or shame.
Experiences of Depersonalization and Derealization
- Depersonalization is feeling detached from one's own body or sense of self, as if observing from outside.
- Derealization is when surroundings feel unreal, dreamlike, or distorted.
- Common symptoms include emotional numbness or detachment, lack of connection to one's thoughts or actions, and perception of time slowing or speeding up.
Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD
- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a short-term response to trauma lasting 2 days to under a month.
- PTSD is diagnosed when symptoms persist beyond a month.
- Risk factors for both ASD and PTSD include the severity, duration, and nature of trauma, prior mental health conditions, family history of PTSD, minority status, poor coping mechanisms, and social support.
- Treatments involve exposure therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to desensitize trauma responses and reinterpret traumatic events.
Complex PTSD
- Complex PTSD is a special case of PTSD resulting from repeated or continuous trauma over months or years.
- Symptoms are more extreme and longer lasting than simple PTSD.
- Examples of trauma include neglect, emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse, war zone, human trafficking, etc..
Personality Disorders
- Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder (Provisional): Individuals show disproportionate intense anger and mood shifts. Relationships are marked by instability, splitting (alternating between idealization and devaluation), and intolerance of being alone.
- Borderline Personality Disorder: Characterized by unpredictable mood swings, intense relationships; often impulsive and engage in self-harm or suicidal behaviors. Often co-morbid with other disorders (Major depression, Substance abuse
- Antisocial Personality Disorder: Individuals consistently violate social norms and the rights of others.
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
Personality Disorder Treatments
- Medication can treat symptoms, though effectiveness varies.
- Long-term therapy is essential for managing symptoms and building skills.
Schizophrenia
- Characterized by hallucinations (perceptions without external stimuli), delusions (fixed, false beliefs), disorganized thinking and speech, disorganized motor behavior or catatonia, bizarre movements, and/or postures.
- Psychosis(experiencing reality differently).
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy
- Sociopathy is associated with environmental factors (upbringing) and impulsive and emotionally charged outbursts, and often engage in criminal activity.
- Psychopathy emphasizes personality traits (superficial charm, lack of empathy) and recurrent criminal acts.
- ASPD is a clinical diagnosis involving pervasive disregard for others' rights beginning in childhood.
Delusional Disorder
- Delusions: Fixed, false beliefs that are not amenable to change.
- Disorganized thinking and speech (loosening of associations).
- Disorganized motor behaviors may include bizarre or chaotic movements/postures.
Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Psychotic episode lasting less than one month.
- Often triggered by stress or trauma.
- Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, or behavior.
Schizoaffective Disorder
- A hybrid disorder with features of schizophrenia and mood disorders (depressive, or manic).
- Psychosis continues even in the absence of mood symptoms.
Eating Disorders
- Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Characterized by picky eating and unwillingness to try new foods. Usually begins in childhood. Often involves sensory sensitivities and is related to learning, emotional, and mental health diagnoses.
- Types of Eating Disorders: People with eating disorders experience physical and psychological distress. These disorders can be categorized into "restrictive" and "binge eating-purging" types.
- Treatment involves nutritional counseling, CBT and medications.
- Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Both involve significant distress. Anorexia Nervosa is typically associated with self-starvation, excessive exercise, and a distorted body image. Bulimia Nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Three presentations: predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.
- Risk factors include genetic predisposition, prenatal exposure to substances, low birth weight, lead exposure.
Korsakoff's Syndrome
- Characterized by profound memory loss and confabulation (making up false memories).
- Often occurs as a result of thiamine deficiency, typically from chronic alcoholism.
General Psychological Disorders
- Symptoms (examples) may include hallucinations, delusions, disordered speech/behavior, and or a distorted sense of reality, etc..
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Description
Explore the complexities of stress disorders, including symptoms such as intrusive recollections, dissociative symptoms, and chronic hyperarousal. Understand the experiences of depersonalization and derealization, which can affect individuals profoundly after trauma. This quiz is designed to deepen your knowledge of psychological responses to extreme trauma.
