Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can new market entrants often exploit more easily due to their lack of historical constraints?
What can new market entrants often exploit more easily due to their lack of historical constraints?
- Existing supply chain networks
- Established customer bases
- Regulatory advantages
- New strategic positions (correct)
What must drive a company’s choice of a new strategic position?
What must drive a company’s choice of a new strategic position?
- The ability to form partnerships
- The desire to dominate market share
- The access to exclusive technologies
- The ability to find new trade-offs (correct)
Which of the following roles has Michael E. Porter served in?
Which of the following roles has Michael E. Porter served in?
- Advisor to economic policy campaigns (correct)
- Advisor to sports teams
- Advisor to city councils on urban planning
- Advisor to environmental organizations
Which publication did 'A version of this article' appear in?
Which publication did 'A version of this article' appear in?
What is Michael E. Porter's role at Harvard Business School?
What is Michael E. Porter's role at Harvard Business School?
What is the fundamental source of cost or price differences between companies?
What is the fundamental source of cost or price differences between companies?
How does a company achieve a cost advantage?
How does a company achieve a cost advantage?
What are the basic units of competitive advantage?
What are the basic units of competitive advantage?
What contributes to a company's overall competitive advantage or disadvantage?
What contributes to a company's overall competitive advantage or disadvantage?
What does operational effectiveness (OE) entail?
What does operational effectiveness (OE) entail?
What distinguishes strategic positioning?
What distinguishes strategic positioning?
What is a key source of profitability differences among competitors?
What is a key source of profitability differences among competitors?
What are some factors that contribute to differences in operational effectiveness?
What are some factors that contribute to differences in operational effectiveness?
What is the broader and more important role of leaders in companies according to the content?
What is the broader and more important role of leaders in companies according to the content?
Why might managers at lower levels struggle to maintain a strategy?
Why might managers at lower levels struggle to maintain a strategy?
What is one of the leader’s responsibilities in teaching others about strategy?
What is one of the leader’s responsibilities in teaching others about strategy?
What is the primary outcome of focusing solely on operational effectiveness, according to the text?
What is the primary outcome of focusing solely on operational effectiveness, according to the text?
What does strategy require aside from making choices about what to do?
What does strategy require aside from making choices about what to do?
How does competition in operational effectiveness described as impacting profits?
How does competition in operational effectiveness described as impacting profits?
How does a clear, communicated strategy assist employees?
How does a clear, communicated strategy assist employees?
Which industry is mentioned in the content as an example with declining profit margins?
Which industry is mentioned in the content as an example with declining profit margins?
Which aspect is fundamental to developing a strategy?
Which aspect is fundamental to developing a strategy?
What are competitors quick to copy?
What are competitors quick to copy?
What pressure do companies face that challenges their strategy?
What pressure do companies face that challenges their strategy?
Which types of solutions spread most rapidly among competitors?
Which types of solutions spread most rapidly among competitors?
What is crucial for leaders when changes occur in the industry?
What is crucial for leaders when changes occur in the industry?
What contributed to the rapid dissemination of operational effectiveness (OE) techniques?
What contributed to the rapid dissemination of operational effectiveness (OE) techniques?
What did Japanese companies initiate in the 1970s and 1980s?
What did Japanese companies initiate in the 1970s and 1980s?
What is the second reason mentioned for why improved operational effectiveness is not sufficient?
What is the second reason mentioned for why improved operational effectiveness is not sufficient?
What constituted the core of the Japanese challenge to Western companies in the 1980s?
What constituted the core of the Japanese challenge to Western companies in the 1980s?
What does the 'productivity frontier' represent?
What does the 'productivity frontier' represent?
What does moving towards the productivity frontier imply for a company?
What does moving towards the productivity frontier imply for a company?
What is the primary condition for a company to outperform its rivals?
What is the primary condition for a company to outperform its rivals?
What causes the productivity frontier to shift outwards?
What causes the productivity frontier to shift outwards?
Which factors have significantly impacted the productivity frontier for sales-force operations?
Which factors have significantly impacted the productivity frontier for sales-force operations?
How can companies leverage tools like Lotus Notes?
How can companies leverage tools like Lotus Notes?
At any given time, what does the sum of all current best practices determine?
At any given time, what does the sum of all current best practices determine?
What is the primary difference in the target clients of Bessemer and Citibank's private banking services?
What is the primary difference in the target clients of Bessemer and Citibank's private banking services?
How do Bessemer and Citibank's approaches to client service differ?
How do Bessemer and Citibank's approaches to client service differ?
Which statement accurately reflects Bessemer's business model?
Which statement accurately reflects Bessemer's business model?
What is the primary role of account managers at Citibank's private bank?
What is the primary role of account managers at Citibank's private bank?
What is the basis for Carmike Cinemas' positioning strategy?
What is the basis for Carmike Cinemas' positioning strategy?
Which of the following best describes 'access-based positioning' as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following best describes 'access-based positioning' as mentioned in the content?
How does Bessemer's personnel cost structure compare to its competitors?
How does Bessemer's personnel cost structure compare to its competitors?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between value chains and customer needs in private banking?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between value chains and customer needs in private banking?
Flashcards
Cost Advantage
Cost Advantage
Arises from performing activities more efficiently than competitors.
Differentiation
Differentiation
Results from choosing different activities or performing similar activities in unique ways.
Activities
Activities
Basic units of competitive advantage, including all actions to create and deliver products.
Operational Effectiveness (OE)
Operational Effectiveness (OE)
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Strategic Positioning
Strategic Positioning
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Relative Cost Position
Relative Cost Position
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Profitability Differences
Profitability Differences
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Input Utilization
Input Utilization
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Productivity Frontier
Productivity Frontier
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Operational Effectiveness Impact
Operational Effectiveness Impact
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Japanese Competitive Advantage
Japanese Competitive Advantage
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Constant Shifting of Frontier
Constant Shifting of Frontier
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Capital Investment for OE
Capital Investment for OE
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New Management Techniques
New Management Techniques
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Linking Activities
Linking Activities
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Technology Redefinition
Technology Redefinition
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Role of Leaders
Role of Leaders
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Importance of Strategy
Importance of Strategy
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Trade-offs in Strategy
Trade-offs in Strategy
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Discipline of Leadership
Discipline of Leadership
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Teaching Strategy
Teaching Strategy
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Guiding Decisions
Guiding Decisions
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Setting Limits
Setting Limits
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Organizational Distinctiveness
Organizational Distinctiveness
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Bessemer's Differentiation
Bessemer's Differentiation
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Citibank's Client Base
Citibank's Client Base
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Manager-to-Client Ratio
Manager-to-Client Ratio
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Biannual Office Meetings
Biannual Office Meetings
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Tailored Activities
Tailored Activities
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Access-Based Positioning
Access-Based Positioning
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Segmenting Customers
Segmenting Customers
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Carmike Cinemas Strategy
Carmike Cinemas Strategy
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New Strategic Positions
New Strategic Positions
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Complementary Activities
Complementary Activities
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Sustainable Advantage
Sustainable Advantage
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Trade-offs
Trade-offs
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New Entrants
New Entrants
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OE Competition
OE Competition
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Competitive Convergence
Competitive Convergence
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Profit Margin Decline
Profit Margin Decline
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Operational Effectiveness vs. Strategy
Operational Effectiveness vs. Strategy
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Imitation of Techniques
Imitation of Techniques
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Support from Consultants
Support from Consultants
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Customer Profit Capture
Customer Profit Capture
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Study Notes
Strategy Definition
- Strategy is about performing activities differently and/or choosing different activities than rivals.
- Operational effectiveness (OE) means performing similar activities better than rivals do.
Operational Effectiveness vs Strategy
- OE is necessary for superior performance, but insufficient for sustainable success.
- Strategy is essential for a sustainable advantage. It requires making choices and prioritizing between activities, unlike OE which focuses on improving all activities.
The Essence of Strategy
- It involves choosing activities that are different from rivals and create a unique mix of value.
- Focused competitors target specific customer needs, while broad-based competitors target a wider range of needs.
The Role of Trade-Offs
- Trade-offs are inevitable in strategy as different activities are incompatible.
- Companies that try to combine contradictory activities often fail.
- Recognizing trade-offs is essential for developing a sustainable advantage.
Strategic Positions and Their Sources
- Strategic positions emerge from three main sources: variety, needs, and access.
- Variety-based positioning: specializing in specific products or services.
- Needs-based positioning: serving the needs of a specific customer segment.
- Access-based positioning: focusing on customers in specific geographic areas or with certain access characteristics .
Finding New Positions and the Entrepreneurial Edge
- Companies can outperform rivals by developing new positions that resonate with customer base
- Customers are willing to trade-off service in favor of cost or convenience.
The Productivity Frontier
- A productivity frontier represents the maximum value a company can create at a given cost, using the best available technologies, skills, and practices.
- It shifts constantly due to technological advancements and management innovations that allow companies to improve processes.
Sustainable Strategic Positions
- Choosing a unique position is not enough for a sustainable advantage
- Positions are sustainable if they involve incompatible activities thereby limiting imitation
Strategic Positions and Their Sustainability
- Strategic positions are built on activity systems, not just individual activities.
- Companies with consistent positions face less difficulty from competitors in the long term because their fit and activities are well connected and create a strong competitive edge.
The Growth Trap
- Companies often try to expand their offerings too rapidly, losing sight of their core strategy and creating unsustainable positions.
- Companies must deepen their core position and make incremental decisions that benefit rather than dilute the existing core strategy
The Role of Leadership
- Leaders are critical in creating and maintaining a consistent strategy.
- Leaders have to balance operational effectiveness and continuous improvement with a clear focus on a distinct business strategy
- They need to teach employees to identify and avoid trade-offs.
Footnotes and Sources
- The article includes details about how companies like Ikea, Southwest Airlines and Jiffy Lube have used various positioning strategies.
- The research mentioned substantial research contributions from other authors.
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