Storage Technologies: RAID, Disaster Recovery, SAN

• Here are study notes on the provided questions and answers

RAID 2.0+

• In RAID 2.0+, all hard disks in the storage pool participate in the reconstruction process
• RAID 2.0+ greatly reduces the impact on business operations during reconstruction
• RAID 2.0+ data recovery speed is 20 times faster than traditional RAID

Disaster Recovery Network Design

• To provide the best business continuity and maintain services during natural disasters, two data centers should be set up in the same city for active-active operation
• There should be another data center in a different location for asynchronous remote replication

SmartMatrix Architecture

• SmartMatrix combines the advantages of Scale-Up and Scale-Out
• SmartMatrix is implemented based on the front-end shared card
• SmartMatrix allows full interconnection of the back-end disk enclosure and 8 controllers

SAN Architecture

• Basic components of SAN architecture include:
  • Server
  • Backend storage system
  • Switch
• A router is not a basic component of SAN architecture

Traditional RAID vs RAID 2.0

• A shortcoming of traditional RAID compared to RAID 2.0 is slow reconstruction speed

Storage Backup Capacity Planning

• Factors to consider when planning storage backup capacity
  • Data retention period
  • Total amount of data
  • Deduplication rate
• Backup network is not a factor to be considered

SmartQoS

• Resources that can be controlled by SmartQoS
  • LUN
  • LUN group
  • Host
• Host Groups cannot be controlled

Data Compression Characteristics

• Data compression reduces the storage space occupied by data
• Data compression extends the life of SSDs
• Data compression may result in loss of some data information

RAID 2.0+ Technology

• The minimum allocation granularity of storage space in Thin LUN mode is Grain

Serial Transmission

• Serial Transmission is fast, costly and suitable for long-distance transmission.

SmartMatrix Architecture Controllers

• Controllers in a single control box are fully interconnected through the passive backplane of the box
• In a storage system expanded by Scale-Out, there are direct links between controllers
• Controllers in a single control box are fully interconnected through external switches

Huawei Hybrid Flash Storage Features

• Huawei's hybrid flash storage supports SCSI and FC protocols
• Huawei's hybrid flash storage supports NFS and CIFS protocols
• Huawei's hybrid flash storage supports SAN and NAS integration

RAID 2.0 Shortcomings

• Traditional RAID's slow reconstruction speed is a shortcoming compared to RAID 2.0

RAID Technologies

• RAID1 technology has the lowest hard disk utilization when using 10 2TB hard disks

FusionCube System Installation

• FusionCube Builder is a system installation tool for rapid on-site installation and deployment of the FusionCube system

LUN

• HyperMirror feature enables a LUN to generate two physical copies at the same time

Huawei Disaster Recovery

• OceanStor BCManager achieves unified, intelligent, and simplified disaster recovery scheduling, operation, and maintenance management for Huawei's dedicated backup storage

Active-Active Disaster Recovery

• GSLB (site load balancing) is used in active-active disaster recovery to allocate traffic between servers in different regions, ensuring optimal server-customer proximity and access quality

SAN Networking

• iSCSI is a commonly used protocol in SAN networking

Snapshot

• Cascading snapshots refer to a snapshot of a snapshot

Huawei OceanStor 100D Series Storage

• Huawei OceanStor 100D series storage provides various storage services including:
  • Object Storage
  • Block storage
  • File storage
• SDRS is not a service that is provided

HyperLock

• A File System is the object of protection of the HyperLock feature

Disaster Recovery System

• The capacity of the slave LUN should be the same as that of the master LUN when designing a primary-backup disaster recovery system

RachatLinux7

• To repair a file system error on a RachatLinux7 system, use the root user to perform fsck repair on the device while the file system is mounted

DeviceManager

• DeviceManager can collect information about:
  • System log
  • Operation log
  • Disk log
• DeviceManager cannot collect Storage Content

Huawei all-flash storage system

• DeviceManager is Huawei's graphical management interface to query, set up, manage, and maintain all-flash storage systems

Homogeneous Migration Solution

• The operation process of the homogenous migration solution does not include: Upgrade the source storage version to V300R006

Huawei all-flash storage software

• Huawei's all-flash storage system software adopts the Symmetric Active-Active (wrong) architecture

Disk Sector

• A sector is the smallest storage unit in a hard disk
• The normal default size of a disk sector is 512Bytes

Storage Media

• DRAM storage media is volatile where as NAND Flash, PCRAM and MRAM are non-volatile

PCIe Versions

• The current versions of PCIe are 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0

Data Deduplication

• Advantages of deduplication and compression technology
  • Reduce procurement costs
  • Ensure the performance priority of key businesses
  • Reduce storage space

SAS Disk Enclosure

• features of 2U SAS disk enclosure Scale-Up
  • The number of cascaded disk enclosures cannot exceed the maximum cascade depth of the system
  • A-level cascade board connects to A controller, B-level cascade board connects to B controller
  • The downstream port (EXP) of the upper disk enclosure in the same loop is connected to the upstream port (PRI) of the lower disk enclosure.

Huawei all-flash storage products

• features of the indicator lights -The alarm indicator on the controller box turns amber, indicating that a warning has occurred in the controller box.
  • The blue indicator light on the controller subrack is on, indicating that the controller subrack is being positioned.

RAID10 Descriptions

• RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping where the writes are done faster in parallel between sub-groups
• Sub groups are written in mirroring and need an even number of hard disks to function

IB Network Hierarchy

• The following levels are included in the IB network hierarchy and consist of
  • Transport layer
  • Network Layer
  • Application layer
  • Physical layer
  • Link Layer

SmartVirtualization

• Uses multipath software to connect heterogeneous arrays in a multipath redundant manner
• When the local storage system uses LUNs in a heterogeneous storage system, it does not occupy the local storage system's space
• External LUNs can set up value-added functions for them, such as remote replication, snapshots, etc.

Huawei Storage Architecture

• Huawei storage supports BCD (Multiple Choice) relating to fully interconnected architecture

Routine Maintenance on Storage Devices

• Routine Maintenance on storage devices can:
  • Change the modified user level to admin
  • The operation performed is change

Huawei Storage Equipment

• Huawei storage equipment can support disks with SAS interface and other types such as NL SAS and SSD hard disks

Huawei Hybrid Flash Storage

• A company plans to optimize the performance of a Huawei hybrid flash storage when certain single IO sized are used
• Sequential read IO accounts for 90%
• The average utilization rate of front-end bandwidth is 90%
• Host application is a database

Performance Tuning Measures

• Performance can be increased
  • Increase front-end service bandwidth
  • SmartCache feature

Business needs

• The business needs to provide block services and file services and to support AD
• They should be on the same network

CIFS

• Authentication methods can include NILMKberos
• Multiple versions exist

Storage System

• Storage engineers designed high I/O characteristics

SAS Disk Enclosures

• Scale-up networking methods that can be used by Huawei SAS disk enclosures include
  • Forward connection
  • Reverse connection networking
  • Dual-plane networking
  • Symmetrical networking

Huawei's distributed storage

• Multiple Active NameNodes provide metadata services, and data is consistent across multiple nodes
• Avoid metadata service interruption caused by HDFS Name node switching

SCM Media

• SCM Media can be
  • PCRAM
  • ReRAM
  • MRAM

Huawei OceanStor all-flash storage devices

• Use DeviceManager to create multiple LUNs at one time
• When creating a LUN using DeviceManager, you can select the application type corresponding to the LUN and can create thick LUNS