3.3 – Storage Devices: RAID

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Questions and Answers

What does RAID stand for?

  • Resilient Array of Inexpensive Disks
  • Rapid Arrangement of Independent Drives
  • Redundant Allocation of Important Data
  • Redundant Array of Independent Disks (correct)

What is a major characteristic of RAID 0?

  • It uses striping to improve performance. (correct)
  • It provides data mirroring for redundancy.
  • It stores all data on a single drive.
  • It requires a minimum of four drives.

What happens if one drive fails in a RAID 0 setup?

  • Data will be partially recoverable.
  • The array automatically rebuilds the lost data.
  • All data is retained on the remaining drives.
  • All data becomes unavailable. (correct)

How should RAID be viewed in terms of data management?

<p>As a method for data storage enhancement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following RAID levels does NOT provide data redundancy?

<p>RAID 0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using RAID levels without redundancy?

<p>Higher risks of total data loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RAID configuration is specifically mentioned for improving performance?

<p>RAID 0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to choose the correct RAID level during setup?

<p>Some levels offer no redundancy, leading to risks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of RAID 0?

<p>It offers 0 redundancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does RAID 1 ensure data safety?

<p>It mirrors data between two disks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RAID 5 from RAID 0?

<p>RAID 5 includes parity information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of RAID 5 during data recovery?

<p>It may cause a performance hit due to real-time calculations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RAID 10 combine?

<p>Data striping and disk mirroring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of RAID 1 compared to RAID 0?

<p>Data is accessible even if one disk fails. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might a user not realize a drive has failed in a RAID array?

<p>If the user does not regularly monitor the array. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RAID 5 use for efficient data storage?

<p>Parity information on one additional drive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RAID configuration requires the most storage space?

<p>RAID 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might it be advantageous to spread parity information across different drives in RAID 5?

<p>It minimizes performance issues during recovery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

A technology that uses multiple hard drives to store data and improve performance or reliability. It combines data from multiple drives into a single virtual drive, increasing read and write speeds.

RAID 0 (Striping)

A RAID level that splits data evenly across multiple drives, offering faster performance but no data redundancy. If one drive fails, all data is lost.

Striping

The process of distributing data across multiple drives in a RAID array, allowing for faster access and write speeds by writing data in parallel.

RAID 1 (Mirroring)

A RAID level that mirrors data onto multiple hard drives, providing complete data redundancy. If one drive fails, the mirrored data on the other drive keeps the system running without data loss.

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RAID 10 (RAID 1+0)

A RAID level that combines striping and mirroring for a balance of performance and data redundancy. It splits data across multiple drives and creates a mirrored copy on another set of drives.

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RAID 5

A RAID level that offers data redundancy with parity information, allowing for the recovery of lost data if one drive fails. Requires at least three drives.

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RAID 6

A RAID level that offers high data redundancy with parity but can have slower performance than RAID 5. Requires at least four drives.

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Parity Calculation

The process of calculating a special value (parity) based on the data stored on multiple drives. This parity value can be used to recover data lost from a failed drive in RAID 5 and RAID 6.

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RAID 0 (Data Striping)

RAID 0 offers no redundancy. It distributes data fragments across multiple disks, resulting in increased performance but zero protection against data loss in case of a single drive failure.

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RAID 5 (Striping with Parity)

RAID 5 is a combination of data striping and parity information. Data is distributed across multiple disks, and parity data (error detection information) is calculated and stored across all drives. RAID 5 provides excellent performance and redundancy, maintaining higher storage efficiency compared to RAID 1.

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Parity Data

Parity data is calculated based on the data stored across multiple drives. This information allows for data reconstruction if a drive failure occurs. RAID 5 utilizes parity for data recovery.

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Parity Distribution

In RAID 5, parity data is spread across all drives, ensuring that no single drive holds all the parity information. This distribution helps speed up the data recovery process.

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RAID 5 Drive Failure Recovery

If one drive fails in a RAID 5 array, the remaining drives and the stored parity data can be used to reconstruct lost data in real-time.

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RAID Controller

RAID arrays require a dedicated RAID controller, either a separate hardware card or a software solution, to manage the striping, mirroring, and parity calculations for efficient data storage and failure recovery.

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Data Striping

Data striping is a technique used in RAID 0 and RAID 5 to distribute data fragments across multiple disks. This distribution improves performance by allowing parallel access to data.

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Study Notes

RAID Arrays Explained

  • RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. It's a way to maintain data availability if a drive fails, but it's not a backup method. It ensures ongoing access to data.

RAID Levels

  • Different RAID levels offer varying degrees of redundancy and performance.

RAID 0 (Striping)

  • Data is split evenly across multiple disks.
  • Provides performance benefits by allowing simultaneous reading/writing.
  • Zero redundancy: Data loss on any single disk means complete data loss.

RAID 1 (Mirroring)

  • Data is duplicated on multiple disks.
  • Each disk is an exact mirror image of the others.
  • Requires twice the disk space compared to RAID 0.
  • High redundancy: Data remains accessible if one disk fails.

RAID 5 (Striping with Parity)

  • Data is distributed across multiple disks.
  • Parity information is stored on a separate disk to enable data recovery if a disk fails.
  • More efficient than mirroring in terms of space usage.
  • High redundancy: Data recovery possible after a single disk failure, but real-time rebuilding might impact performance.

RAID 10 (Stripe of Mirrors)

  • Combines RAID 0 and RAID 1.
  • Data is striped across mirrored sets of disks.
  • Offers high redundancy and good performance.
  • High redundancy: Data accessible even with multiple simultaneous drive failures within mirror pair sets.

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