Stomach Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the parietal cells in the stomach?

  • Secreting hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor (correct)
  • Secreting mucus to protect the stomach lining
  • Producing pepsinogen and gastric lipase
  • Releasing the hormone gastrin
  • Which component of gastric secretion starts the digestion of triglycerides?

  • Salivary amylase
  • Lingual lipase (correct)
  • Gastrin
  • Pepsinogen
  • What is the primary purpose of the rugae in the stomach mucosa?

  • To increase the surface area for expansion (correct)
  • To absorb nutrients effectively
  • To secrete hydrochloric acid
  • To store food before digestion
  • What effect does acidic stomach secretion have on salivary amylase?

    <p>It inactivates salivary amylase, halting carbohydrate digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chyme?

    <p>The mixture of food and gastric juices in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body prevent autodigestion of proteins within the chief cells?

    <p>By activating pepsinogen only in the stomach lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions are exchanged in the proton pump found in the parietal cells?

    <p>Hydrogen and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells?

    <p>Interconversion between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>To denature proteins and eliminate microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tại sao pepsinogen được sản xuất ở dạng không hoạt động trong các tế bào chính?

    <p>Để tránh sự tiêu hóa tự thân trong các tế bào chính.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cấu trúc nào sau đây không phải là một phần chính của dạ dày?

    <p>Rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chức năng chính của hormone gastrin được sản xuất bởi các tế bào G là gì?

    <p>Kích thích sự tiết HCl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chất nào sau đây kích hoạt lipase ngôn ngữ trong dạ dày?

    <p>HCl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phương trình nào sau đây đúng với phản ứng của carbonic anhydrase?

    <p>CO2 + H2O → H2CO3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chất nào sau đây không phải là một trong những sản phẩm từ các tuyến trong niêm mạc dạ dày?

    <p>Serotonin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lớp cơ nào của dạ dày chịu trách nhiệm tạo ra các sóng trộn?

    <p>Lớp cơ vòng.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Khi có sự hoạt động của bơm proton, ion nào được xuất vào lòng dạ dày?

    <p>H+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cấu trúc nào của dạ dày không tham gia vào quá trình tiêu hóa thức ăn?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stomach Structure and Function

    • The stomach is an enlarged portion of the digestive tract, storing 1.5-2 liters of ingested food.
    • Its wall contains three layers of muscle.
    • The stomach has four main parts: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus (pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter).
    • The stomach's curved shape defines greater and lesser curvatures.
    • The stomach lining (mucosa) has folds called rugae.

    Stomach Glandular Cells

    • Surface mucous cells: Secrete mucus.
    • Mucous neck cells: Secrete mucus, found deeper in gastric pits.
    • Parietal cells: Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (for vitamin B12 absorption).
    • Chief cells: Secrete pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin) and gastric lipase.
    • G cells: Secrete gastrin hormone.

    Stomach Motility and Chyme

    • The stomach mixes ingested food with gastric juice via mixing waves (not peristaltic waves).
    • The resulting mixture of food and gastric juice is called chyme.
    • Gastric juice breaks down food, making it more liquid.

    Stomach Acid Secretion and Enzyme Activation

    • Stomach acid (HCl) inactivates salivary amylase but activates lingual lipase, which begins triglyceride digestion.
    • The proton pump (H+/K+ pump) actively transports hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen.
    • This process uses ATP and creates an "alkaline tide", since bicarbonate ions enter circulation.
    • Stomach acid kills microorganisms, denatures proteins, and stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice.

    Protein Digestion in Stomach

    • The stomach secretes pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme, from chief cells.
    • Pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin) is initially secreted, becoming active in acidic conditions (low pH).
    • Activation is triggered by HCl or pre-existing active pepsin.

    Lipid Digestion in Stomach

    • The stomach also secretes gastric lipase to continue lipid digestion.
    • Optimal pH for gastric lipase activity (5-6). Pancreatic lipase becomes more important for efficient lipid breakdown.

    Acid Secretion Mechanism

    • Carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid.
    • Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
    • Hydrogen ions are actively transported into the stomach lumen via the H+/K+ ATPase pump.
    • Chloride ions passively diffuse into the lumen, combining with the hydrogen ions to form HCl acid.
    • Bicarbonate ions leave the parietal cells to the blood, creating an alkaline tide.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure, function, and cell types of the stomach. This quiz covers the stomach's anatomy, glandular cells, and the process of chyme formation. Ideal for students studying human physiology or anatomy.

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