Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is stimulus equivalence?
What is stimulus equivalence?
Explores how a person's experience with the environment establishes or changes the function of symbols—that is, their ability to impact our behavior, or their meaning.
What is equivalence-based instruction (EBI)?
What is equivalence-based instruction (EBI)?
The process of training a few relations between stimuli and then testing for the emergence of additional relations between those stimuli.
What is the most significant characteristic of EBI?
What is the most significant characteristic of EBI?
Generativity! A small amount of explicit instruction can yield an extensive and predictable network of new relations.
How do you label equivalence classes?
How do you label equivalence classes?
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What does the letter designate in stimulus labeling?
What does the letter designate in stimulus labeling?
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What does the number designate in stimulus labeling?
What does the number designate in stimulus labeling?
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Who can be credited for the first equivalence studies?
Who can be credited for the first equivalence studies?
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Describe Sidman's initial studies.
Describe Sidman's initial studies.
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What is the definition of stimulus equivalence?
What is the definition of stimulus equivalence?
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What are the relations that emerged called?
What are the relations that emerged called?
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What is derived stimulus relations?
What is derived stimulus relations?
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What is necessary to meet the definition of equivalence?
What is necessary to meet the definition of equivalence?
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What is reflexivity?
What is reflexivity?
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What is another name for reflexivity?
What is another name for reflexivity?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent reflexivity?
What is the mathematical statement used to represent reflexivity?
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What is symmetry?
What is symmetry?
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What is symmetry often discussed as?
What is symmetry often discussed as?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent symmetry?
What is the mathematical statement used to represent symmetry?
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What is transitivity?
What is transitivity?
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What is a nodal stimulus?
What is a nodal stimulus?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent transitivity?
What is the mathematical statement used to represent transitivity?
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Any relation can be trained between stimuli.
Any relation can be trained between stimuli.
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What are the results of equivalence-class formation?
What are the results of equivalence-class formation?
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Study Notes
Stimulus Equivalence
- Explores how experiences shape the function and meaning of symbols, influencing behavior.
- Emergence of accurate responses to untrained relations after reinforcement of some relations.
Equivalence-Based Instruction (EBI)
- Involves training specific stimulus relations and testing for the emergence of additional relations.
- Highly generative; minimal instruction can create extensive networks of new relations.
Labeling Equivalence Classes
- Alphanumeric labels (e.g., A1, A2) specify individual training stimuli.
- Letters designate a stimulus set; numbers indicate potential equivalence classes (e.g., 1-dog, 2-cat).
Historical Background
- First equivalence studies credited to Murray Sidman.
- Sidman's initial studies included three institutionalized men with intellectual disabilities.
- Employed a match-to-sample procedure for 20 stimulus classes and conducted probe trials to assess learning.
Derived Stimulus Relations
- Relations that emerge as an indirect result of instruction or experience.
- Positive demonstration of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary for equivalence.
Reflexivity
- A self-referential relation where the learner selects a comparison stimulus identical to the sample.
- Also known as generalized identity matching; represented mathematically as A=A.
Symmetry
- A relation demonstrating reversibility of matched stimuli without prior training.
- Often referred to as bidirectionality and mathematically represented as if A=B, then B=A.
Transitivity
- Relations that emerge from training two other relations.
- Illustrated with the statement: if A=B and B=C, then A=C.
Nodal Stimulus
- A shared stimulus across at least two conditional discriminations, forming the basis for equivalence properties.
Results of Equivalence-Class Formation
- Positive probe outcomes for reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity confirm formation of an equivalence class.
- Members of an equivalence class are interchangeable and function identically, allowing any member to serve as a sample or comparison.
General Training Principle
- Any relation can be trained between stimuli, enhancing flexibility in learning and responding.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to stimulus equivalence, including its definition and the process of equivalence-based instruction (EBI). Explore how experiences with the environment influence the function of symbols in our behavior. Ideal for students studying psychology and behavioral analysis.
