Questions and Answers
What is stimulus equivalence?
Explores how a person's experience with the environment establishes or changes the function of symbols—that is, their ability to impact our behavior, or their meaning.
What is equivalence-based instruction (EBI)?
The process of training a few relations between stimuli and then testing for the emergence of additional relations between those stimuli.
What is the most significant characteristic of EBI?
Generativity! A small amount of explicit instruction can yield an extensive and predictable network of new relations.
How do you label equivalence classes?
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What does the letter designate in stimulus labeling?
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What does the number designate in stimulus labeling?
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Who can be credited for the first equivalence studies?
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Describe Sidman's initial studies.
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What is the definition of stimulus equivalence?
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What are the relations that emerged called?
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What is derived stimulus relations?
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What is necessary to meet the definition of equivalence?
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What is reflexivity?
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What is another name for reflexivity?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent reflexivity?
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What is symmetry?
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What is symmetry often discussed as?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent symmetry?
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What is transitivity?
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What is a nodal stimulus?
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What is the mathematical statement used to represent transitivity?
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Any relation can be trained between stimuli.
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What are the results of equivalence-class formation?
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Study Notes
Stimulus Equivalence
- Explores how experiences shape the function and meaning of symbols, influencing behavior.
- Emergence of accurate responses to untrained relations after reinforcement of some relations.
Equivalence-Based Instruction (EBI)
- Involves training specific stimulus relations and testing for the emergence of additional relations.
- Highly generative; minimal instruction can create extensive networks of new relations.
Labeling Equivalence Classes
- Alphanumeric labels (e.g., A1, A2) specify individual training stimuli.
- Letters designate a stimulus set; numbers indicate potential equivalence classes (e.g., 1-dog, 2-cat).
Historical Background
- First equivalence studies credited to Murray Sidman.
- Sidman's initial studies included three institutionalized men with intellectual disabilities.
- Employed a match-to-sample procedure for 20 stimulus classes and conducted probe trials to assess learning.
Derived Stimulus Relations
- Relations that emerge as an indirect result of instruction or experience.
- Positive demonstration of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary for equivalence.
Reflexivity
- A self-referential relation where the learner selects a comparison stimulus identical to the sample.
- Also known as generalized identity matching; represented mathematically as A=A.
Symmetry
- A relation demonstrating reversibility of matched stimuli without prior training.
- Often referred to as bidirectionality and mathematically represented as if A=B, then B=A.
Transitivity
- Relations that emerge from training two other relations.
- Illustrated with the statement: if A=B and B=C, then A=C.
Nodal Stimulus
- A shared stimulus across at least two conditional discriminations, forming the basis for equivalence properties.
Results of Equivalence-Class Formation
- Positive probe outcomes for reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity confirm formation of an equivalence class.
- Members of an equivalence class are interchangeable and function identically, allowing any member to serve as a sample or comparison.
General Training Principle
- Any relation can be trained between stimuli, enhancing flexibility in learning and responding.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to stimulus equivalence, including its definition and the process of equivalence-based instruction (EBI). Explore how experiences with the environment influence the function of symbols in our behavior. Ideal for students studying psychology and behavioral analysis.
