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Questions and Answers
What is the only guaranteed method to prevent STIs?
Condoms provide 99% effectiveness in preventing pregnancy with typical use.
False
Name one bacterial STI that is treatable with antibiotics.
Chlamydia
The _______ vaccine helps reduce the risk of cervical cancer and some STIs.
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Match each type of contraception with its description:
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Which of the following contraceptives has the highest effectiveness rate?
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Regular STI screening is recommended only for individuals who exhibit symptoms.
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What does the withdrawal method rely on?
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires _______ management throughout a person's life.
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Which of the following is a common viral STI that causes genital warts?
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What method of contraception includes both male and female options and provides a barrier to sperm?
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Which contraceptive method is known for typically providing over 99% effectiveness and is long-lasting?
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How does the calendar method assist in detecting ovulation?
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What is the main purpose of dental dams in relation to sexual health?
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How effective is the withdrawal method as a contraceptive technique?
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What is lactational amenorrhea, and how can it serve as a form of contraception?
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Which group of contraceptive methods includes oral pills, patches, and vaginal rings?
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What is a common characteristic shared by STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea?
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What distinguishes mechanical barriers from hormonal methods of contraception?
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How does effective condom use contribute to STI prevention?
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Study Notes
STI Prevention Methods
- Abstinence: Complete avoidance of sexual activity; the only sure way to prevent STIs.
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Barrier Methods:
- Condoms (male and female) block exchange of bodily fluids.
- Dental dams for oral sex; reduces risk of STI transmission.
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Vaccination:
- HPV vaccine reduces risk of cervical cancer and some STIs.
- Hepatitis B vaccine protects against liver infections.
- Regular Testing: Frequent STI screenings for sexually active individuals to catch infections early.
- Communication: Open discussions with partners about sexual history and testing.
Contraceptive Effectiveness
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Perfect Use vs. Typical Use:
- Perfect use refers to following instructions exactly, while typical use considers human error.
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Effectiveness Rates:
- IUDs and implants: Over 99%
- Birth control pills: 91% with typical use
- Condoms: 85% with typical use
- Withdrawal method: 78% with typical use
Types Of Contraception
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Hormonal Methods:
- Birth control pills, patches, injections, and vaginal rings that prevent ovulation.
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Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):
- Copper (non-hormonal) and hormonal IUDs that prevent fertilization.
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Barrier Methods:
- Condoms, diaphragm, and cervical caps that block sperm from reaching the egg.
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Natural Methods:
- Fertility awareness and withdrawal methods based on understanding the menstrual cycle.
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Permanent Methods:
- Sterilization (vasectomy for men, tubal ligation for women) that provides long-term contraception.
Common STIs
- Chlamydia: Bacterial infection, often asymptomatic; treatable with antibiotics.
- Gonorrhea: Bacterial infection, can cause serious complications if untreated; also treatable.
- Syphilis: Bacterial infection with stages; early treatment is crucial.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Viral infection affecting immune system; lifelong management required.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Can cause genital warts and some cancers; many clear naturally but vaccines are available.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Type 1 and type 2 cause oral and genital herpes; lifelong infection with outbreaks.
Ways to Prevent Ovulation
-
Hormonal Contraceptives:
- Birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin to inhibit ovulation.
- Hormonal IUDs release progestin to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
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Injectable Contraceptives:
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) administered every three months.
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Implants:
- Subdermal implants releasing hormones over time; prevent ovulation for up to three years.
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Emergency Contraception Pills (ECPs):
- Taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent ovulation or fertilization; most effective when taken as soon as possible.
STI Prevention Methods
- Abstinence is the only way to completely prevent STIs
- Barrier methods, such as condoms and dental dams, can reduce the risk of transmitting STIs
- Vaccination can protect against some STIs, like HPV and Hepatitis B
- Regular STI testing is important for sexually active individuals
- Open communication with partners about sexual history and testing is crucial
Contraceptive Effectiveness
- Perfect use refers to following instructions exactly, while typical use considers human error
- IUDs and implants have over 99% effectiveness rates with both perfect and typical use
- Birth control pills have 91% effectiveness with typical use
- Condoms have 85% effectiveness with typical use
- The withdrawal method has 78% effectiveness with typical use
Types of Contraception
- Hormonal methods, like birth control pills, patches, injections, and vaginal rings, prevent ovulation
- IUDs, both copper and hormonal, prevent fertilization
- Barrier methods, like condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps, block sperm from reaching the egg
- Natural methods, like fertility awareness and withdrawal, rely on understanding the menstrual cycle
- Permanent methods, like vasectomy and tubal ligation, provide long-term contraception
Common STIs
- Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that can be asymptomatic but is treatable with antibiotics
- Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection that can cause serious complications if left untreated
- Syphilis is a bacterial infection with stages requiring prompt treatment
- HIV is a viral infection that affects the immune system and requires lifelong management
- HPV can cause genital warts and some cancers; many clear naturally but vaccines are available
- HSV causes oral and genital herpes; it's a lifelong infection with occasional outbreaks
Ways to Prevent Ovulation
- Hormonal contraceptives, including birth control pills and hormonal IUDs, inhibit ovulation
- Injectable contraceptives, like Depo-Provera, are administered every three months
- Implants release hormones for up to three years to prevent ovulation
- Emergency contraception pills are taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent ovulation or fertilization; they are most effective when taken as soon as possible
Types of Contraception
-
Barrier Methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg:
- Condoms (male and female) are the only methods that protect against sexually transmitted infections.
- Diaphragms and cervical caps are inserted into the vagina and block the cervix.
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Hormonal Contraception uses hormones to prevent ovulation or thicken cervical mucus:
- Oral contraceptive pills contain estrogen and progestin and are taken daily.
- Transdermal patches are worn weekly and release hormones into the bloodstream.
- Vaginal rings are inserted into the vagina and release hormones for a month.
- Injectables (e.g., Depo-Provera) are given every 3 months.
- Implants (e.g., Nexplanon) are inserted under the skin and last for several years.
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Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are long-acting, reversible methods that are inserted into the uterus:
- Copper IUDs are non-hormonal and prevent fertilization.
- Hormonal IUDs release progestin and thicken cervical mucus.
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Natural methods rely on understanding the menstrual cycle:
- Fertility awareness methods (calendar method, basal body temperature) track ovulation to abstain from intercourse during fertile periods.
- Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus) involves pulling out before ejaculation, but is less effective due to potential pre-ejaculate containing sperm.
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Permanent Methods involve surgical procedures to prevent pregnancy:
- Tubal ligation for women closes the fallopian tubes.
- Vasectomy for men blocks sperm from reaching the ejaculatory duct.
Contraceptive Effectiveness
- Perfect Use refers to consistent and correct use of the method.
- Typical Use reflects real-world effectiveness considering mistakes or inconsistent use.
- Birth Control Pills are highly effective with perfect use (99%) but less so with typical use (91%).
- IUDs and Implants have a high effectiveness rate (>99%) and are long-lasting.
- Condoms are effective when used correctly (98%) but effectiveness decreases with typical use (85%).
- Natural methods vary greatly in effectiveness, generally having lower rates.
STI Prevention Methods
- Condom Use is highly effective in preventing STIs when used correctly.
- Vaccination against HPV reduces the risk of human papillomavirus infection.
- Dental Dams provide protection during oral sex.
Common STIs
- Chlamydia is a bacterial infection often asymptomatic.
- Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection causing painful urination and discharge.
- Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can progress without treatment.
- HIV is a virus that leads to AIDS and can be managed but not cured.
- HSV causes oral and genital herpes and can cause recurrent outbreaks.
- HPV is the most common STI and some strains can cause cancer.
Detection of Ovulation Methods
- Calendar method tracks menstrual cycles to predict ovulation.
- Basal body temperature method measures temperature daily, a slight increase indicates ovulation.
- Cervical mucus monitoring tracks changes in mucus consistency signaling fertility.
Lactational Amenorrhea
- Natural contraception occurring postpartum during breastfeeding, effective for up to 6 months if:
- Exclusive breastfeeding is practiced.
- Menstruation has not resumed.
Coitus Interruptus
- Also known as the withdrawal method, involves pulling out before ejaculation.
- Effectiveness is approximately 78%, as pre-ejaculate may contain sperm.
Mechanical Barriers
- Physical methods to block sperm from reaching the egg:
- Condoms (both male and female).
- Diaphragms.
- Cervical caps.
Hormonal Contraception for Women and Men
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Women:
- Combination pills (estrogen + progestin).
- Progestin-only pills (minipills).
- Hormonal implants and IUDs.
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Men:
- Research is ongoing on potential reversible hormonal methods like pills or injections.
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Description
This quiz covers essential methods for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and evaluates the effectiveness of various contraceptive methods. Learn about barrier methods, vaccinations, and the importance of communication and regular testing. We'll also explore the differences between perfect and typical use of contraceptives.
