Contraception Overview and Methods

Study Notes

Contraception methods are crucial for preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Abstinence is the only completely effective method to prevent both
HPV vaccines are effective in preventing HPV infections

At risk for unintended pregnancy:
- Assess risk for STIs
- If at risk for STIs, consider latex or non-latex condoms
- If no latex allergy, latex condoms are safest option
- If latex allergy, consider polyurethane or polyisoprene condoms with or without spermicide
- If religious/personal objections to chemical/hormonal/barrier contraceptives, consider natural family planning
- Preferred methods not requiring action during intercourse: consider Rx or OTC contraceptives
At risk for STIs:
- Recommend latex or non-latex condoms for protection against STIs
Latex allergy:
- Non-latex condoms are suitable alternatives
Contraceptive method objections:
- Alternative methods for patients with religious or personal preferences can be considered
Methods not requiring action at the time of intercourse:
- Natural family planning and Rx or OTC contraceptives are suitable options

Sperm viability: 3-5 days
Emergency contraception (Plan B): Levonorgestrel-containing tablets (suppresses ovulation, disrupts sperm/egg transport). Effective within 72 hours (up to 5 days) of unprotected intercourse. Effective in reducing pregnancy rates to a certain degree.
Vaginal spermicides (surface active agents): Immobilize and kill sperm, also used in vaginal foams and gels. NOT effective against STIs.
Condoms: Latex are most common; synthetic/non-latex options also available. Natural membrane condoms exist, but not as commonly used.

Safe lubricants: Water-based and silicone-based are safe for use with latex condoms
Unsafe lubricants: Oil-based lubricants should not be used with latex condoms as they can damage the latex.

Plan B: Levonorgestrel-containing tablets
OTC EC products: Do not affect implanted embryos or increase risks of malformations
Plan B most effective within the first 3 days after unprotected sex, but can be used up to 5 days after
Adverse Effects: Nausea and vomiting are common; headaches and breast tenderness less common; menstrual changes and dizziness possible
Remedies: Take medication with food and anti-emetics (prevent nausea/vomiting) before taking emergency contraceptive drugs.

Condoms (male and female):
- Latex condoms are commonly used and offer some protection against STIs
- Synthetic condoms or natural membrane condoms exist as alternatives
- Some non-latex condoms are significantly more likely to break
- Condoms (male and female) use and disposal should be considered, given the costs of these contraceptives.
OTC Contraception: Additional information about types of contraceptives, lubricant safety, and various types of condoms can be found in the notes.