Biology Chapter 18 - The Endocrine System

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What is the result of too little thyroid hormone during fetal development or infancy?

Cretinism (correct)

Grave's Disease

Myxedema

Goiter

What is the name of the condition caused by an overproduction of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome (correct)

Myxedema

Cretinism

Grave's Disease

What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?

Regulates heart rate and blood pressure

Moves calcium from the skeleton into the blood (correct)

_MOVES calcium from the blood into the skeleton

Reduces inflammation

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

On top of the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone in the body?

Holds salt in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Promotes sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of steroid hormones that allows them to interact with their target cells?

They are lipid-soluble and can diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin?

Stimulating uterine contraction during birth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between steroid and non-steroid hormones?

Their solubility properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

It produces hormones that affect other glands in the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adenylate cyclase activation in non-steroid hormone signaling?

It activates protein kinases, which phosphorylate proteins inside the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Conserving water in the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melatonin in the biological system?

To promote sleepiness Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucagon in the body?

To break down glycogen into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thymus gland?

To produce thymosin, which causes T cells to mature Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of somatostatin?

To inhibit the production of insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thymus gland with age?

It decreases in size Signup and view all the answers

What happens when blood glucose levels are lowered?

Glucagon is secreted and insulin secretion stops Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of estrogen in the body?

Development of the female reproductive organs and female secondary sex characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inhibin in the body?

Shutting off the secretion of FSH by the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of testosterone in the body?

Development of the male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics in males Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the body when blood glucose levels rise?

Insulin is secreted and glucagon secretion stops Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for high blood glucose levels in individuals with Type I Diabetes?

The immune system destroys the cells that produce insulin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type II Diabetes?

The cells are unable to absorb glucose properly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of insulin in the body?

To stimulate the liver, muscle, and fat cells to take up glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is strongly associated with a family history of diabetes?

Type II Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for Type I Diabetes?

Before age 25 Signup and view all the answers