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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum exposure time required at 27 psig and 132°C for effective sterilization in an autoclave using steam under pressure?
What is the minimum exposure time required at 27 psig and 132°C for effective sterilization in an autoclave using steam under pressure?
Why are thermocouples the most widely used indicators for evaluating sterilization methods?
Why are thermocouples the most widely used indicators for evaluating sterilization methods?
What do wax or chemical pellets used as indicators for autoclave sterilization do at 121°C?
What do wax or chemical pellets used as indicators for autoclave sterilization do at 121°C?
Why are biologic indicators like resistant bacterial spores used in sterilization processes?
Why are biologic indicators like resistant bacterial spores used in sterilization processes?
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In autoclave sterilization, what is the purpose of paper strips impregnated with chemicals that change color?
In autoclave sterilization, what is the purpose of paper strips impregnated with chemicals that change color?
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What condition must be met for effective sterilization in an autoclave according to the text?
What condition must be met for effective sterilization in an autoclave according to the text?
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What is the purpose of covering equipment openings with a barrier material after sterilization?
What is the purpose of covering equipment openings with a barrier material after sterilization?
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Why is dry heat sterilization preferred for powders, containers, and equipment?
Why is dry heat sterilization preferred for powders, containers, and equipment?
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Which materials usually withstand dry heat sterilization without difficulty?
Which materials usually withstand dry heat sterilization without difficulty?
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What is the mechanism of action by which microorganisms are killed by moist heat?
What is the mechanism of action by which microorganisms are killed by moist heat?
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What is a limitation of normal moist heat cycles in terms of sterilization effectiveness?
What is a limitation of normal moist heat cycles in terms of sterilization effectiveness?
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Why is steam considered to have a greater thermal capacity than hot air in the context of sterilization?
Why is steam considered to have a greater thermal capacity than hot air in the context of sterilization?
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What happens to the intensity of ultraviolet light in relation to the distance it travels?
What happens to the intensity of ultraviolet light in relation to the distance it travels?
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In what types of materials does ultraviolet light penetrate well?
In what types of materials does ultraviolet light penetrate well?
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What effect does ultraviolet light have on the activity of atoms within molecules of microorganisms?
What effect does ultraviolet light have on the activity of atoms within molecules of microorganisms?
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Where are the absorption bands for cellular nucleic acids found in the ultraviolet wavelength range?
Where are the absorption bands for cellular nucleic acids found in the ultraviolet wavelength range?
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What is essential for ensuring sterilization when using ultraviolet radiations?
What is essential for ensuring sterilization when using ultraviolet radiations?
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How does ultraviolet light affect organisms or their metabolites at the molecular level?
How does ultraviolet light affect organisms or their metabolites at the molecular level?
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What is the most reliable thermal method of sterilization according to the text?
What is the most reliable thermal method of sterilization according to the text?
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Why can non-aqueous preparations in sealed containers not be sterilized using moist heat during a normal cycle?
Why can non-aqueous preparations in sealed containers not be sterilized using moist heat during a normal cycle?
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What type of radiation is commonly used for reducing contamination in the air and on surfaces within a processing environment?
What type of radiation is commonly used for reducing contamination in the air and on surfaces within a processing environment?
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Which type of pharmaceutical preparation can be rendered sterile and remain so indefinitely if in hermetically-sealed containers and subjected to autoclaving?
Which type of pharmaceutical preparation can be rendered sterile and remain so indefinitely if in hermetically-sealed containers and subjected to autoclaving?
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Why is moist heat sterilization not applicable to non-aqueous preparations in sealed containers?
Why is moist heat sterilization not applicable to non-aqueous preparations in sealed containers?
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What is emitted almost exclusively at a wavelength of 253.7 nm by mercury vapor lamps?
What is emitted almost exclusively at a wavelength of 253.7 nm by mercury vapor lamps?
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What is one of the key advantages of using radiation for sterilization?
What is one of the key advantages of using radiation for sterilization?
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Why are liquid pharmaceuticals more difficult to sterilize using radiation?
Why are liquid pharmaceuticals more difficult to sterilize using radiation?
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What is an important characteristic of filtration sterilization?
What is an important characteristic of filtration sterilization?
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Why may individual medical device manufacturers find radiation sterilization challenging?
Why may individual medical device manufacturers find radiation sterilization challenging?
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What has been successfully sterilized by radiation in the dry state?
What has been successfully sterilized by radiation in the dry state?
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Why is radiation sterilization becoming a more viable option for medical device manufacturers?
Why is radiation sterilization becoming a more viable option for medical device manufacturers?
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What is the main limitation of BPL vapor for sterilization?
What is the main limitation of BPL vapor for sterilization?
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Which type of surfaces are easier to disinfect according to the text?
Which type of surfaces are easier to disinfect according to the text?
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Why are most disinfectants unable to sterilize a surface?
Why are most disinfectants unable to sterilize a surface?
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What factor does the effectiveness of a disinfectant primarily depend on?
What factor does the effectiveness of a disinfectant primarily depend on?
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What is the primary purpose of using chemical disinfectants in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is the primary purpose of using chemical disinfectants in the pharmaceutical industry?
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Why are liquid pharmaceuticals more challenging to sterilize using chemical disinfectants?
Why are liquid pharmaceuticals more challenging to sterilize using chemical disinfectants?
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What determines the effectiveness of a disinfectant according to the text?
What determines the effectiveness of a disinfectant according to the text?
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'Asepsis can be maintained in a limited, controlled environment' primarily implies the use of disinfectants for what purpose?
'Asepsis can be maintained in a limited, controlled environment' primarily implies the use of disinfectants for what purpose?
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'The nature and degree of contamination' are key factors affecting the effectiveness of a disinfectant, primarily referring to what in this context?
'The nature and degree of contamination' are key factors affecting the effectiveness of a disinfectant, primarily referring to what in this context?
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'Vegetative forms of microorganisms can be expected to be killed' relates to which aspect of disinfectant action?
'Vegetative forms of microorganisms can be expected to be killed' relates to which aspect of disinfectant action?
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