Sterilants
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a sterilant?

  • A chemical agent with low toxicity for host cells used on animate surfaces
  • A chemical agent that kills microorganisms on inanimate surfaces
  • A method of disinfection that kills both vegetative cells and spores (correct)
  • A physical procedure that inhibits or kills microorganisms on inanimate surfaces

    • What is the main difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic?

  • Disinfectants are chemical agents, while antiseptics are physical procedures
  • Disinfectants are used on inanimate surfaces, while antiseptics are used on animate surfaces (correct)
  • Disinfectants kill both vegetative cells and spores, while antiseptics only kill vegetative cells
  • Disinfectants have low toxicity for host cells, while antiseptics have high toxicity for host cells

    • Which of the following can be considered a method of disinfection?

  • Autoclaving materials at appropriate times and temperature
  • Applying Neosporin® to a cut on the skin
  • Using UV radiation to kill microorganisms
  • Spraying a surface with 70% ethanol (correct)

    • What is the primary use of an antiseptic?

    <p>To disinfect wounds and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a disinfectant?

    <p>Spraying a surface with 70% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization uses ethylene oxide or formaldehyde gases?

    <p>Autoclaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is suitable for organic compounds that would degrade under high temperatures?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for items that cannot be sterilized or are noncritical items?

    <p>Barrier protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the microorganisms of concern in dental unit waterlines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary source of microorganisms in dental unit waterlines?

    <p>Municipal water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should water and air be discharged after each patient from any device connected to the dental water system?

    <p>20-30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency regulates disinfectants and sterilants?

    <p>EPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency regulates antiseptics?

    <p>FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ideal properties of a disinfectant?

    <p>Non-toxic to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ideal properties of an antiseptic?

    <p>Active against a broad spectrum of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to test the water quality in dental units?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of a disinfectant?

    <p>Toxic to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for regulating antiseptics?

    <p>Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of a disinfectant?

    <p>Toxic to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ideal property of an antiseptic?

    <p>Non-staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ideal property of an antiseptic?

    <p>High therapeutic index with the ability to kill -cidal and limit -static growth of organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended concentration for disinfection of blood spills with sodium hypochlorite?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of iodine as an antiseptic?

    <p>Bactericidal in 1 minute and kills spores in 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for disinfection or sterilization of instruments especially those that cannot withstand high temperatures?

    <p>Aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of using iodine as an antiseptic?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dilution for sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials are bleach solutions corrosive to?

    <p>Aluminum, silver, and stainless steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of halogens and halogen-releasing compounds as antiseptics?

    <p>Denaturing proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of superoxidized water as a disinfectant?

    <p>To denature proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can accelerate the decomposition rate of chlorine in superoxidized water?

    <p>Sunlight exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contact time required for achieving a high level of disinfection with superoxidized water?

    <p>10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound forms crosslinks in proteins and nucleic acids, and can act in alkylation of proteins?

    <p>Aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended use of superoxidized water in dental settings?

    <p>Removal of bacteria from dental water lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause failures of disinfection with aldehydes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stability period of superoxidized water when stored correctly?

    <p>14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended use of alcohol-based hand rubs?

    <p>Sterilant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method to increase penetration of aldehydes into devices for disinfection?

    <p>Use of closed, circulating baths, with longer contact time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a bisphenol and has been used in toothpastes and soaps?

    <p>Triclosan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a phenolic-related compound still used as a disinfectant?

    <p>o-phenylphenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of aldehydes as disinfectants or sterilants?

    <p>Disinfection of dental instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds can disrupt cell walls and membranes, denature and inactivate enzymes?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has corrosive effects on the tissues, high toxicity through the skin, and has carcinogenic effects?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended concentration for alcohol-based hand rubs?

    <p>60-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is derived from coal tar distillates and is used in Lysol?

    <p>Xylenols and Cresol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for disinfection or sterilization of instruments?

    <p>Alcohol-based hand rubs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of alcohols as antiseptics and disinfectants?

    <p>They denature proteins and precipitate nucleic acids and cause membrane damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about alcohol-based hand rubs and C. difficile spores?

    <p>Alcohol-based hand rubs have no effect on C. difficile spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds should not be used in nurseries or near infants due to an association with hyperbilirubinemia?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on bacteria?

    <p>H2O2 has greater activity on Gram-positive bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on bacteria?

    <p>H2O2 acts as an oxidant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the activity of biguanides?

    <p>Biguanides have a low irritation and broad spectrum of activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the preferred agent for skin antisepsis in many surgical procedures?

    <p>The preferred agent is chlorhexidine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the binding of chlorhexidine to bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Chlorhexidine binds to negatively charged bacterial cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the use of biguanides in mouthwash?

    <p>Biguanides help reduce plaque and improve mild gingivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the activity of chlorhexidine?

    <p>Chlorhexidine has a long persistent activity on the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the combination of chlorhexidine and alcohol?

    <p>The combination enhances the activity of chlorhexidine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant extract is used as a local anesthetic and has counterirritant qualities?

    <p>Menthol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of heavy metals like mercury and silver as disinfectants?

    <p>Reactions on thiol containing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is used as a preservative in certain vaccines, antitoxins, and immune sera?

    <p>Thimerosal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surfactant classification includes items such as soaps and detergents?

    <p>Anionic surfactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cationic and anionic surfactants are mixed together?

    <p>They precipitate out of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for surfactants as disinfectants?

    <p>Cause microbial membrane disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification does cetylpyridium chloride belong to?

    <p>Cationic surfactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of eucalyptol?

    <p>Eucalyptus plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monoterpenes in plant oils?

    <p>Cause membrane instability and promote the leakage of intracellular materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary use of silver nitrate in newborns?

    <p>To prevent gonococcal ophthalmitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can limit the efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics?

    <p>Intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an intrinsic bacterial resistance mechanism?

    <p>Change in the outer membrane to prevent chemical penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an acquired bacterial resistance mechanism?

    <p>Uptake of a plasmid encoding for an efflux pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help improve the overall efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics?

    <p>Proper testing and combinational treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of silver sulfadiazine?

    <p>To suppress bacterial growth in burn wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ideal properties of a disinfectant or antiseptic?

    <p>Non-toxic to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can microbes develop resistance to?

    <p>Disinfectants and antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the use of a disinfectant or antiseptic?

    <p>The clinical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

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