18 Questions
Which type of isomerism arises due to nonsuperimposable mirror images?
Optical isomerism
In square planar complexes, if two identical ligands occupy adjacent positions, the isomer formed is called:
Cis
Which type of isomerism is not shown by tetrahedral complexes?
Geometrical isomerism
According to valence bond theory, what must be present in the central metal atom or ion for the formation of coordinate bonds with ligands?
Suitable number of vacant orbitals
In coordination compounds, whether outer or inner orbital complexes are formed depends on:
Whether outer d-orbitals or inner d-orbitals are used
Which of the following statements is true about optical isomerism in octahedral complexes?
All octahedral complexes show optical isomerism
What term refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements?
Isomerism
Which type of isomerism arises due to different spatial arrangements around a metal ion in a coordination complex?
Geometrical isomerism
What is the phenomenon referred to as when two or more substances have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements?
Stereoisomerism
What type of isomerism arises due to the presence of chiral centers in a coordination complex?
Optical isomerism
Which type of isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the distribution of atoms?
Linkage isomerism
In Werner's coordination theory, what does the primary valency of metals refer to?
Non-directional and ionizable valency
What do you call isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement around a central atom?
Optical isomers
What is the secondary valency of metals according to Werner's coordination theory?
Directional and non-ionizable valency
In valence bond theory, the concept of hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals. Which hybridization corresponds to sp² hybrid orbitals?
sp² hybridization
Which concept in chemistry explains the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding in coordination compounds?
Hybridization
When an ambidentate ligand can be attached to a metal through two different atoms, resulting in different ions in solution, what type of isomerism is observed?
Coordination isomerism
What are compounds called that give different ions in solution due to the exchange of ions in molecules attached to different atoms?
Ionisation isomers
Study Notes
Coordination Compounds
- Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more substances have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements.
- Types of isomerism: structural, ionisation, stereoisomerism, hydrate, coordination, and linkage isomerism.
Stereoisomerism
- Geometrical or cis-trans isomerism: occurs when two identical ligands occupy adjacent or opposite positions in a complex.
- Optical isomerism: arises due to nonsuperimposable mirror images, only in octahedral complexes with 2 or 3 bidentate ligands.
- Cis-isomer: optically active, d-form.
- Trans-isomer: optically inactive, l-form.
Bonding in Coordination Compounds
- Valence bond theory: developed by Pauling, requires a suitable number of vacant orbitals in the central metal atom or ion for coordinate bond formation.
- Hybridisation: central metal ion uses appropriate number of s, p, or d-orbitals depending on the total number of ligands.
- Types of hybridisation: sp3, sp2.
- Outer orbital (high spin) or inner orbital (low spin) complexes are formed depending on whether outer or inner d-orbitals are used.
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
- Ligand names with prefixes (e.g., bis-, tris-, tetrakis-) should be placed in parentheses and preceded by the prefix.
Werner's Theory
- Explains the nature of bonding in complexes.
- Metals show two different kinds of valencies: primary (non-directional, ionisable) and secondary (directional, non-ionisable).
- Primary valency: equal to the oxidation state of the central metal ion.
- Secondary valency: equal to the coordination number of the metal, commonly satisfied by neutral and negatively charged ligands.
Test your understanding of stereoisomerism in coordination compounds with this quiz. Learn about geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism, optical isomerism, and different ligand arrangements in square planar and octahedral complexes.
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