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Questions and Answers
Which type of isomerism arises due to nonsuperimposable mirror images?
Which type of isomerism arises due to nonsuperimposable mirror images?
- Stereoisomerism
- Optical isomerism (correct)
- Geometrical isomerism
- Cis-trans isomerism
In square planar complexes, if two identical ligands occupy adjacent positions, the isomer formed is called:
In square planar complexes, if two identical ligands occupy adjacent positions, the isomer formed is called:
- Trans
- Fac
- Cis (correct)
- Meridian
Which type of isomerism is not shown by tetrahedral complexes?
Which type of isomerism is not shown by tetrahedral complexes?
- Cis-trans isomerism
- Geometrical isomerism (correct)
- Optical isomerism
- Valence bond isomerism
According to valence bond theory, what must be present in the central metal atom or ion for the formation of coordinate bonds with ligands?
According to valence bond theory, what must be present in the central metal atom or ion for the formation of coordinate bonds with ligands?
In coordination compounds, whether outer or inner orbital complexes are formed depends on:
In coordination compounds, whether outer or inner orbital complexes are formed depends on:
Which of the following statements is true about optical isomerism in octahedral complexes?
Which of the following statements is true about optical isomerism in octahedral complexes?
What term refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements?
What term refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements?
Which type of isomerism arises due to different spatial arrangements around a metal ion in a coordination complex?
Which type of isomerism arises due to different spatial arrangements around a metal ion in a coordination complex?
What is the phenomenon referred to as when two or more substances have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements?
What is the phenomenon referred to as when two or more substances have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements?
What type of isomerism arises due to the presence of chiral centers in a coordination complex?
What type of isomerism arises due to the presence of chiral centers in a coordination complex?
Which type of isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the distribution of atoms?
Which type of isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the distribution of atoms?
In Werner's coordination theory, what does the primary valency of metals refer to?
In Werner's coordination theory, what does the primary valency of metals refer to?
What do you call isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement around a central atom?
What do you call isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement around a central atom?
What is the secondary valency of metals according to Werner's coordination theory?
What is the secondary valency of metals according to Werner's coordination theory?
In valence bond theory, the concept of hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals. Which hybridization corresponds to sp² hybrid orbitals?
In valence bond theory, the concept of hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals. Which hybridization corresponds to sp² hybrid orbitals?
Which concept in chemistry explains the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding in coordination compounds?
Which concept in chemistry explains the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding in coordination compounds?
When an ambidentate ligand can be attached to a metal through two different atoms, resulting in different ions in solution, what type of isomerism is observed?
When an ambidentate ligand can be attached to a metal through two different atoms, resulting in different ions in solution, what type of isomerism is observed?
What are compounds called that give different ions in solution due to the exchange of ions in molecules attached to different atoms?
What are compounds called that give different ions in solution due to the exchange of ions in molecules attached to different atoms?
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Study Notes
Coordination Compounds
- Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more substances have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements.
- Types of isomerism: structural, ionisation, stereoisomerism, hydrate, coordination, and linkage isomerism.
Stereoisomerism
- Geometrical or cis-trans isomerism: occurs when two identical ligands occupy adjacent or opposite positions in a complex.
- Optical isomerism: arises due to nonsuperimposable mirror images, only in octahedral complexes with 2 or 3 bidentate ligands.
- Cis-isomer: optically active, d-form.
- Trans-isomer: optically inactive, l-form.
Bonding in Coordination Compounds
- Valence bond theory: developed by Pauling, requires a suitable number of vacant orbitals in the central metal atom or ion for coordinate bond formation.
- Hybridisation: central metal ion uses appropriate number of s, p, or d-orbitals depending on the total number of ligands.
- Types of hybridisation: sp3, sp2.
- Outer orbital (high spin) or inner orbital (low spin) complexes are formed depending on whether outer or inner d-orbitals are used.
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
- Ligand names with prefixes (e.g., bis-, tris-, tetrakis-) should be placed in parentheses and preceded by the prefix.
Werner's Theory
- Explains the nature of bonding in complexes.
- Metals show two different kinds of valencies: primary (non-directional, ionisable) and secondary (directional, non-ionisable).
- Primary valency: equal to the oxidation state of the central metal ion.
- Secondary valency: equal to the coordination number of the metal, commonly satisfied by neutral and negatively charged ligands.
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