Stereoisomerism and Isomer Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most abundant biomolecule in nature?

  • Nucleic Acids
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates (correct)

Which carbohydrate serves as the structural element in plants?

  • Glycerose
  • Starch (correct)
  • Fructose
  • Ribose

What is the main role of glycogen in the human body?

  • Structural support
  • Long-term energy storage (correct)
  • Cell recognition
  • DNA synthesis

Which type of sugars cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates?

<p>Monosaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic formula for carbohydrates?

<p>$Cn(H2O)n$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate provides a short-term energy reserve?

<p>Glycogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of human blood is considered a universal donor?

<p>Type O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monosaccharide replaces one of its hydroxyl groups with an amino group to form an amino sugar?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties?

<p>Superimposable Mirror-Image Isomer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disaccharide contains two B-D-glucose molecules linked through B1,4 glycosidic linkages?

<p>Cellobiose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds differ only in the spatial arrangement of their atoms?

<p>Stereoisomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is the principal carbohydrate in milk?

<p>Lactose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other?

<p>Enantiomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Diastereomers also differ in their boiling points and freezing points?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes lactose intolerance?

<p>Deficiency in lactase to hydrolyze lactose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes diastereomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center?

<p>Epimers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction characterizes the formation of maltose as a disaccharide?

<p>B-1,4 linkages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governs the tetrahedral geometry of the four groups attached to the atom at the chiral center?

<p>Vertical lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate contains 2-10 monosaccharide units?

<p>Oligosaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common disaccharide is also known as milk sugar?

<p>Lactose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror images?

<p>Chiral molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which designation is used to determine the orientation of -H and -OH groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon in sugars?

<p>D and L Isomerism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule mentioned in the text can exist in two isomeric forms that are mirror images of each other?

<p>Glyceraldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules are optical isomers and not superimposable on their mirror images?

<p>Enantiomers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of linkage is found in amylose?

<p>a-1,4 linkages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main storage polysaccharide in humans and animals?

<p>Glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is known to be a dietary fiber and aids in softer stools?

<p>Cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides rigidity to the exoskeletons of crabs and insects?

<p>Chitin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acidic polysaccharide is essential for lubrication in joint movement?

<p>Hyaluronic Acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbohydrates should a balanced diet ideally contain?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Glycolipids' are lipid molecules bonded to what type of units?

<p>Carbohydrate units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Glycoproteins' are protein molecules bonded to what type of units?

<p>Carbohydrate units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrates

The most abundant biomolecule found in nature, including sugars, starches, and cellulose.

Starch

A polysaccharide that serves as the primary energy storage form in plants.

Glycogen

The major energy storage form in animals, found primarily in the liver and muscles.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that cannot be broken down further into smaller carbohydrates.

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Cn(H2O)n

The general formula that represents the composition of carbohydrates, where 'n' is a variable.

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Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate that serves as a short-term energy reserve in animals. It's readily broken down into glucose to provide quick energy.

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Type O Blood

Blood type that lacks both A and B antigens, making it universally compatible for blood transfusions.

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Amino Sugar

A monosaccharide with an amine group attached, replacing one of its hydroxyl groups.

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Isomers

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, resulting in different properties.

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Cellobiose

A disaccharide composed of two β-D-glucose molecules joined by a β-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

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Stereoisomers

Isomers that share the same chemical formula and bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.

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Lactose

The primary carbohydrate found in milk, composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

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Enantiomers

A pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other, non-superimposable.

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Diastereomers

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. They can differ in boiling point and freezing point.

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Lactose Intolerance

The inability to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase.

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Epimers

Diastereomers that differ in the configuration at only one chiral center.

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Glycosidic Linkage

A chemical reaction that involves the joining of two monosaccharides with the removal of a water molecule.

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β-1,4 Linkage

The reaction that forms the disaccharide maltose, involving the formation of a β-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

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Chiral Center

The atom at the center of a chiral molecule, with four different groups attached, giving it tetrahedral geometry.

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Oligosaccharides

Carbohydrates that contain 2-10 monosaccharide units.

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Lactose

The disaccharide also known as milk sugar, composed of glucose and galactose.

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Chiral Molecules

Molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images. They are not identical to their reflections.

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D and L Isomerism

The designation D or L used to define the orientation of the -H and -OH groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon in sugars.

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Glyceraldehyde

A simple sugar that can exist in two isomeric forms that are mirror images of each other, demonstrating chirality.

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Enantiomers

Optical isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, meaning they rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.

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α-1,4 Linkages

A type of glycosidic linkage found in amylose, a form of starch, involving a bond between the first and fourth carbon atoms.

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Glycogen

The primary storage polysaccharide in humans and animals, similar to starch but with more branched chains.

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Cellulose

A complex carbohydrate that serves as dietary fiber, aiding in digestion and promoting softer stools.

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Chitin

A structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods, providing rigidity and protection.

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Hyaluronic Acid

A polysaccharide that plays a crucial role in lubrication in the joints, providing cushioning and reducing friction.

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60% of Dietary Intake

The recommended percentage of carbohydrates in a balanced diet.

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Glycolipids

Lipid molecules with carbohydrate units attached.

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Glycoproteins

Protein molecules with carbohydrate units attached.

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