4 Questions
What are the distinguishing features of a stem compared to a root?
The stem is the ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It develops from the plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed. The stem bears nodes and internodes, and it conducts water, minerals, and photosynthates.
What are nodes and internodes in a stem?
Nodes are the regions of the stem where leaves are born, while internodes are the portions between two nodes.
What are the functions of a stem?
The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers, and fruits. It also conducts water, minerals, and photosynthates, and some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, protection, and vegetative propagation.
How does the appearance of the stem change as it matures?
The stem is generally green when young and later often becomes woody and dark brown.
Study Notes
Stem Characteristics
- A stem is distinguished from a root by its ability to bear leaves, flowers, and fruits
- Stems have nodes, which are the points where leaves are attached, and internodes, which are the areas between nodes
- Nodes are responsible for producing new stems, leaves, and roots
Stem Functions
- Supports and elevates leaves to facilitate photosynthesis
- Transports water, minerals, and nutrients from roots to leaves
- Stores food and water
- Produces new stems, leaves, and roots at nodes
Stem Maturation
- Young stems are green, flexible, and herbaceous
- As stems mature, they become woody, fibers develop, and the stem becomes rigid and brown
- Maturation process involves lignification, where cell walls become impregnated with lignin, a complex organic compound
Test your knowledge on the features that distinguish a stem from a root. Learn about the characteristics of stems including nodes, internodes, and buds, and how they differ from roots.
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