Sect 9 Quiz Easy

An unspecialized cell capable of self-renewal and differentiating into specialized cells.

The developmental path a cell takes, from its birth to differentiation into a specific type.

The chronological order of a cell's descent, showing how it relates to other cells in development.

Programmed cell death.

A protein complex involved in initiating apoptosis.

Cell division that produces two dissimilar daughter cells.

Cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

A family of proteins that regulate apoptosis.

A family of enzymes that carry out apoptosis.

Stem cells that can differentiate into a limited number of cell types.

Stem cells that can differentiate into many cell types.

Stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type, including extraembryonic tissues.

Cells that are committed to a specific lineage and are capable of differentiating into specific cell types, but don't have ongoing self-renewal ability.

Stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst.

Induced pluripotent stem cells.

Stem cells taken from fetuses, more powerful and versatile than adult stem cells.

Stem cells from a blastocyst (early embryo), highly potent.

Adult cells reprogrammed to act like embryonic stem cells.

Cells that can form all tissues of an organism, including embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

Cells that can form all tissues of the embryo but not extraembryonic tissues.

Stem cells capable of differentiating into multiple, closely related cell types.

Stem cells that can only differentiate into one specific cell type.

Embryonic stage where each cell has the potential to form all tissue types.

Embryo stage distinguished by inner cell mass and capable of producing embryonic stem cells.

Stem cells in adults, responsible for replacement of cells, such as stomach lining and immune cells, that have limited lifespans.

A type of cell division where daughter cells inherit different components, like mRNA and proteins, despite receiving identical genes.

The process by which a cell develops an internal directionality, allowing for unequal distribution of cell components during division.

Molecules (mRNA, proteins, lipids) that help establish and maintain cell polarity by being unequally distributed.

The alignment of the mitotic spindle dictates how cell polarity determinants are segregated into daughter cells.

Survival signals that vertebrate cells need to stay alive.

Programmed cell death, a controlled process of cell suicide essential for development and maintenance.

Membrane-bound, cytosolic regulatory proteins, and caspases (proteases) work together to carry out apoptosis.

Stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types but are limited compared to pluripotent cells.

Stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type in the body.

The number of stem cells of a specific type remains constant or increases during an organism's life.

Daughter cells of stem cells that rapidly divide, eventually forming lineage-restricted progenitor cells.

Stem cells that replenish all types of blood cells.

Cells that proliferate (multiply) in response to cytokines (chemical messengers).

Stem cells constantly making new intestinal cells.

Specialized intestinal cells that absorb nutrients.

The replacement of intestinal cells every few days (e.g., 5 days in humans).

The environment that supports and regulates intestinal stem cells, keeping them undifferentiated.

A receptor found on intestinal stem cells.

A signaling pathway involved in maintaining stem cells without proliferation or differentiation, especially in the intestinal niche.

Stem cells in the intestine that differentiate into either absorptive or secretory cells, depending on Notch signaling.

Intestinal cells that produce antimicrobial proteins to protect against bacteria.

A signaling pathway that influences cell fate, particularly in the intestine, determining if Lgr5+ cells become absorptive or secretory cells.

Cells that undergo rapid cell division and contribute to the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells.

Specialized cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, providing a back-up pool for replacement of injured cells. Located in the crypt.

Cells with long processes that form a network in the intestine and provide growth factors for stem cells.

Specialized cells in the intestine that produce and release hormones in response to various stimuli.

Cells that act as chemosensors, detecting chemicals in the intestines and respiratory tract.

Cells that secrete mucus to protect and lubricate the intestinal lining.

Specialized immune cells that absorb and process antigens from the gut.

Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from adult cells by introducing specific transcription factors.

A cell division process where two identical daughter cells are produced.

Caspases are enzymes that initiate cell death. Their activation is triggered by specific cellular signals.

A cell undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis).

A family of proteins that regulate apoptosis by controlling the activity of Bax/Bak or promoting cell life. They affect mitochondrial function.

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol is a critical step in triggering apoptosis.

A signal that triggers apoptosis, often involving interactions in the Bcl-2 family.

Small membrane-bound fragments released from an apoptotic cell.

A cell that dies due to cellular damage or injury.

Extracellular signaling molecules that maintain cell survival and promote cell life

Causes the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, often triggered due to cellular stress