Stem Cell Biology Quiz

When cell division is balanced by cell death, maintaining a stable cell population, often in healthy tissues.

When cell division produces one daughter cell that's identical to the parent cell (like a stem cell) and another that's specialized (like a mature cell), contributing to tissue growth and renewal.

Cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells, like those found in the inner cell mass of a blastocyst.

Cells found in specific tissues like bone marrow or skin that can renew themselves and differentiate into a limited number of cell types, involved in tissue repair and regeneration.

Cells that contribute to the growth of tumors and can survive cancer therapies. Understanding these cells is vital for preventing relapse.

The process of restoring damaged tissue to its original structure and function.

The process by which the body repairs itself after an injury.

The deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

The initial stage of wound healing, characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat. It aims to neutralize harmful substances, remove dead tissue, and prepare the area for healing.

The process of replacing damaged cells with identical cells, restoring the tissue's original structure and function.

The formation of scar tissue, which replaces damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue. It's a less ideal repair but can stabilize the injury.

The material that makes up the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides support and structure to tissues.

The ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens and foreign substances.

Cells that can regenerate and repair damaged tissues. This includes cells with high proliferative capacity: continuously replicating (labile), terminally differentiated (stabilized) or postmitotic (permanent))

Cells that can continuously replicate and replace themselves, creating a constant supply for tissues that are constantly renewed. Examples: blood cells, skin cells, intestinal cells.

Cells that are not continuously dividing, but can re-enter the cell cycle when needed. Examples: liver cells, kidney cells, pancreas cells.

Cells that have permanently stopped dividing and cannot regenerate unless with specialized help. Examples: Nerve cells, heart muscle cells.

Cells that have the potential to develop into different cell types. They are the building blocks of different tissues.

Stem cells that can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types.

Stem cells that can differentiate into many different cell types.

The environment that helps control the development of stem cells, affecting their fate and potential.

A type of protein that helps to identify actively dividing cells. Its presence is often detected in the cells of labile tissues.

The ability of a tissue to replace damaged cells with identical cells, restoring its original structure and function.

The formation of scar tissue, replacing damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue.

A type of cell found in the liver that can regenerate and replace damaged liver cells.

Stem cells found in the liver that can regenerate damaged tissues, but rarely involved in repair.

A condition where liver tissue is damaged, causing scar tissue to form and impairing liver function.

The heart muscle cells cannot regenerate, so damage is repaired with scar tissue.

A type of nerve cell that cannot replicate, leading to limited regeneration capabilities in the nervous system.

A type of scar that forms when damaged nerve fibers are not aligned properly, leading to abnormal sensations.

A type of cell adhesion molecule found in epithelial tissues. E‑Cadherin plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity by creating strong connections between epithelial cells.

A process where specific proteins are broken down into smaller, active fragments. It's like cutting a piece of string into smaller pieces that can now do something new.

A protein that inhibits angiogenesis (blood vessel formation). It's like putting a brake on the growth of new blood vessels.

One of the key differences in oral mucosa healing compared to skin healing. This means oral wounds heal faster and with fewer scars.

A protein known for inhibiting fibrosis (scar tissue formation). It helps wounds heal cleanly, reducing excessive scarring.

One of the key differences in oral mucosa healing. This means oral wounds form a stronger matrix, giving the healed area more strength.

Factors like blood supply, type of injury, and radiation exposure affect how quickly and well a wound heals.

Factors like overall health, infections, and nutritional status that can impact how well a wound heals.

The process of restoring damaged tissue to its original structure and function, ideally involving minimal scar formation.

The ability of the immune system to recognize and fight off pathogens and foreign substances, which is essential for preventing infections during wound healing.

A group of cells with the potential to develop into different cell types, important for tissue repair and regeneration.

Factors like age, general health, blood supply, infections, and medications affect the outcome of wound healing.