Podcast
Questions and Answers
Stem cells have the ability for ______ which maintains their population throughout life.
Stem cells have the ability for ______ which maintains their population throughout life.
self renewal
Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells, which is known as ______.
Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells, which is known as ______.
differentiation
A ______ stem cell can differentiate into all types of cells in the body.
A ______ stem cell can differentiate into all types of cells in the body.
pluripotent
Totipotent stem cells can construct the entire ______.
Totipotent stem cells can construct the entire ______.
Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a number of ______ cell types.
Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a number of ______ cell types.
Bi/unipotent stem cells can differentiate into one or ______ different types of cells.
Bi/unipotent stem cells can differentiate into one or ______ different types of cells.
______ cells become lineage restricted as they mature.
______ cells become lineage restricted as they mature.
The ______ system comprises stem cells that become mature cells.
The ______ system comprises stem cells that become mature cells.
Stem cells are important because they have the ability to ______ and differentiate.
Stem cells are important because they have the ability to ______ and differentiate.
Stem cells can give rise to over 200 different cell types in the human ______.
Stem cells can give rise to over 200 different cell types in the human ______.
Embryonic stem cells have the highest potential for ______ because they can become any cell type.
Embryonic stem cells have the highest potential for ______ because they can become any cell type.
Adult stem cells often help in the ______ of certain tissues throughout a person's life.
Adult stem cells often help in the ______ of certain tissues throughout a person's life.
The ______ system is one example of a system in the human body that is repopulated by stem cells.
The ______ system is one example of a system in the human body that is repopulated by stem cells.
Adult stem cells help to ______ dead cells in the body.
Adult stem cells help to ______ dead cells in the body.
Adult stem cells can regenerate damaged tissue through ______.
Adult stem cells can regenerate damaged tissue through ______.
Adult stem cells reside in specific ______ within their organ.
Adult stem cells reside in specific ______ within their organ.
Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell ______ is a therapy routinely used within the NHS.
Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell ______ is a therapy routinely used within the NHS.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a ______ day old blastocyst.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a ______ day old blastocyst.
Embryonic stem cells are described as ______ because they can differentiate into various cell types.
Embryonic stem cells are described as ______ because they can differentiate into various cell types.
A significant ethical concern regarding embryonic stem cells is that their removal destroys the ______.
A significant ethical concern regarding embryonic stem cells is that their removal destroys the ______.
Embryonic stem cells can lead to the development of ______ when transplanted into immune deficient mice.
Embryonic stem cells can lead to the development of ______ when transplanted into immune deficient mice.
Teratomas develop from the ______ cells.
Teratomas develop from the ______ cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be created by reprogramming a ______ cell.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be created by reprogramming a ______ cell.
Induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to be ______.
Induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to be ______.
One advantage of iPS cells is that they are ______ to the patient.
One advantage of iPS cells is that they are ______ to the patient.
One negative aspect of iPS cells is their ______ efficiency rates.
One negative aspect of iPS cells is their ______ efficiency rates.
IPS cells can be induced to become ______-like cells to study heart diseases.
IPS cells can be induced to become ______-like cells to study heart diseases.
Induced pluripotent stem cells may pose a risk of ______ mutations during genomic manipulation.
Induced pluripotent stem cells may pose a risk of ______ mutations during genomic manipulation.
Unlike embryonic stem cells, iPS cells do not involve the same ethical ______.
Unlike embryonic stem cells, iPS cells do not involve the same ethical ______.
The overarching term for replacing and regenerating human cells is ______.
The overarching term for replacing and regenerating human cells is ______.
The process of improving or replacing biological tissues using a combination of cells and technology is known as ______.
The process of improving or replacing biological tissues using a combination of cells and technology is known as ______.
Biomaterials can serve as ______ to create tissue structures.
Biomaterials can serve as ______ to create tissue structures.
3D ______ is a technology that constructs scaffold tissues while considering cell integrity.
3D ______ is a technology that constructs scaffold tissues while considering cell integrity.
Stem cells have the unique property of ______, allowing them to divide and develop into various cell types.
Stem cells have the unique property of ______, allowing them to divide and develop into various cell types.
There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic, induced pluripotent, and ______.
There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic, induced pluripotent, and ______.
Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, demonstrating different ______ such as totipotent.
Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, demonstrating different ______ such as totipotent.
One of the challenges in regenerative medicine is addressing the ethical ______ surrounding stem cell use.
One of the challenges in regenerative medicine is addressing the ethical ______ surrounding stem cell use.
Stem cells are important for repairing and regenerating ______ in the body.
Stem cells are important for repairing and regenerating ______ in the body.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are created by reprogramming ______ cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are created by reprogramming ______ cells.
Tissues like cartilage and heart have ______ regeneration capabilities.
Tissues like cartilage and heart have ______ regeneration capabilities.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a blastocyst that is typically a ______ day old.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a blastocyst that is typically a ______ day old.
The ______ system is an example of a system that is constantly repopulated by stem cells.
The ______ system is an example of a system that is constantly repopulated by stem cells.
A stem cell that can differentiate into a number of closely related cell types is called ______.
A stem cell that can differentiate into a number of closely related cell types is called ______.
Stem cells that can only differentiate into one or two different types of cells are referred to as ______.
Stem cells that can only differentiate into one or two different types of cells are referred to as ______.
Progenitor cells have ______ proliferation compared to stem cells.
Progenitor cells have ______ proliferation compared to stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all the cell types of the ______.
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all the cell types of the ______.
Totipotent stem cells are uniquely able to construct an entire ______.
Totipotent stem cells are uniquely able to construct an entire ______.
The ______ system is an example of a system where stem cells can help regenerate cells.
The ______ system is an example of a system where stem cells can help regenerate cells.
Stem cells are essential because they have the potential for ______ and differentiation.
Stem cells are essential because they have the potential for ______ and differentiation.
Mature cells arise from ______ cells during the differentiation process.
Mature cells arise from ______ cells during the differentiation process.
Adult stem cells are primarily found in ______ numbers.
Adult stem cells are primarily found in ______ numbers.
Adult stem cells can generate cell types of the ______ from which they originate.
Adult stem cells can generate cell types of the ______ from which they originate.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a 5 day old ______.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a 5 day old ______.
Embryonic stem cells are described as ______ because they can differentiate into multiple cell types.
Embryonic stem cells are described as ______ because they can differentiate into multiple cell types.
One significant drawback of embryonic stem cells is the ______ concern associated with their use.
One significant drawback of embryonic stem cells is the ______ concern associated with their use.
Transplantation of immature embryonic stem cell-derived tissues into immune-deficient mice may result in the development of ______.
Transplantation of immature embryonic stem cell-derived tissues into immune-deficient mice may result in the development of ______.
An autologous stem cell therapy involves the use of an individual's own ______ cells.
An autologous stem cell therapy involves the use of an individual's own ______ cells.
______ are tumors that can develop from germ cells.
______ are tumors that can develop from germ cells.
IPS cells are created by reprogramming a ______ cell.
IPS cells are created by reprogramming a ______ cell.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) have ______ properties similar to embryonic stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) have ______ properties similar to embryonic stem cells.
A key advantage of iPS cells is that they use the patient’s own ______.
A key advantage of iPS cells is that they use the patient’s own ______.
One negative aspect of iPS cells is their low ______ rates.
One negative aspect of iPS cells is their low ______ rates.
IPS cells can be induced to become ______-like cells for heart disease studies.
IPS cells can be induced to become ______-like cells for heart disease studies.
Induced pluripotent stem cells pose a risk of genomic ______ during manipulation.
Induced pluripotent stem cells pose a risk of genomic ______ during manipulation.
In regenerative medicine, both embryonic and iPS cells are largely in ______ studies.
In regenerative medicine, both embryonic and iPS cells are largely in ______ studies.
The process of using a combination of cells, engineering technology, biomaterials, and suitable biochemical factors to enhance biological tissues is called ______.
The process of using a combination of cells, engineering technology, biomaterials, and suitable biochemical factors to enhance biological tissues is called ______.
3D ______ involves creating scaffold tissues while maintaining the integrity of various cell types.
3D ______ involves creating scaffold tissues while maintaining the integrity of various cell types.
Using the right ______ in tissue engineering can help to create a structure for new tissue formation.
Using the right ______ in tissue engineering can help to create a structure for new tissue formation.
Stem cells can be classified by their potency, such as totipotent, pluripotent, and ______ stem cells.
Stem cells can be classified by their potency, such as totipotent, pluripotent, and ______ stem cells.
The main ethical concern for embryonic stem cell research revolves around the ______ of embryos.
The main ethical concern for embryonic stem cell research revolves around the ______ of embryos.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be produced by ______ a somatic cell.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be produced by ______ a somatic cell.
The term ______ is used to describe the process of replacing or regenerating human cells and tissues.
The term ______ is used to describe the process of replacing or regenerating human cells and tissues.
Embryonic stem cells have a very high potential for ______ due to their ability to become any cell type.
Embryonic stem cells have a very high potential for ______ due to their ability to become any cell type.
What distinguishes induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from embryonic stem cells?
What distinguishes induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from embryonic stem cells?
Which type of stem cell has the broadest differentiation potential?
Which type of stem cell has the broadest differentiation potential?
What is the primary role of adult stem cells in the human body?
What is the primary role of adult stem cells in the human body?
What is a significant limitation of stem cell therapies?
What is a significant limitation of stem cell therapies?
What is tissue engineering in the context of regenerative medicine?
What is tissue engineering in the context of regenerative medicine?
What is one primary function of adult stem cells?
What is one primary function of adult stem cells?
Which type of stem cell therapy uses an individual's own cells?
Which type of stem cell therapy uses an individual's own cells?
What is a significant drawback associated with the use of embryonic stem cells?
What is a significant drawback associated with the use of embryonic stem cells?
What type of stem cells can differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers?
What type of stem cells can differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers?
Which statement about adult stem cells is true?
Which statement about adult stem cells is true?
What defines allogeneic stem cell therapy?
What defines allogeneic stem cell therapy?
Which potential issue arises from transplanting embryonic stem cell-derived tissues into immune deficient mice?
Which potential issue arises from transplanting embryonic stem cell-derived tissues into immune deficient mice?
Which is a characteristic of embryonic stem cells?
Which is a characteristic of embryonic stem cells?
What is the primary role of stem cells in the body?
What is the primary role of stem cells in the body?
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including those of extra-embryonic tissues?
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including those of extra-embryonic tissues?
What distinguishes multipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
What distinguishes multipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
How do progenitor cells differ from stem cells?
How do progenitor cells differ from stem cells?
What is potency in the context of stem cells?
What is potency in the context of stem cells?
Which statement accurately describes bi/unipotent stem cells?
Which statement accurately describes bi/unipotent stem cells?
Which type of cell is derived from stem cells and has limited proliferation ability?
Which type of cell is derived from stem cells and has limited proliferation ability?
What is a key characteristic of totipotent stem cells?
What is a key characteristic of totipotent stem cells?
What is a key characteristic of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells?
What is a key characteristic of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using induced pluripotent stem cells?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using induced pluripotent stem cells?
What major benefit do iPS cells provide in medical research?
What major benefit do iPS cells provide in medical research?
What type of cells can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells for disease modeling?
What type of cells can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells for disease modeling?
Why are iPS cells considered to have ethical advantages over embryonic stem cells?
Why are iPS cells considered to have ethical advantages over embryonic stem cells?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with iPS cells?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with iPS cells?
In the context of regenerative medicine, which of these statements about iPS cells is false?
In the context of regenerative medicine, which of these statements about iPS cells is false?
Which type of stem cell is characterized by a risk of forming tumors due to its pluripotency?
Which type of stem cell is characterized by a risk of forming tumors due to its pluripotency?
What is the main purpose of regenerative medicine?
What is the main purpose of regenerative medicine?
What is tissue engineering primarily concerned with?
What is tissue engineering primarily concerned with?
Which type of stem cells are known for their unique property of self-renewal?
Which type of stem cells are known for their unique property of self-renewal?
Which bioprinting technique involves constructing scaffold tissues while protecting cell viability?
Which bioprinting technique involves constructing scaffold tissues while protecting cell viability?
What ethical concern is associated with the destruction of embryos in stem cell research?
What ethical concern is associated with the destruction of embryos in stem cell research?
What is the function of biomaterials in tissue engineering?
What is the function of biomaterials in tissue engineering?
Which group of stem cells has the potential to differentiate into all cells in the human body and can include embryonic stem cells?
Which group of stem cells has the potential to differentiate into all cells in the human body and can include embryonic stem cells?
What advantage do induced pluripotent stem cells offer compared to other types of stem cells?
What advantage do induced pluripotent stem cells offer compared to other types of stem cells?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes stem cells from progenitor cells?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes stem cells from progenitor cells?
Which type of stem cells is created by reprogramming differentiated cells?
Which type of stem cells is created by reprogramming differentiated cells?
In regenerative medicine, what is a significant concern regarding the use of embryonic stem cells?
In regenerative medicine, what is a significant concern regarding the use of embryonic stem cells?
Which of the following tissues is known for having very limited regenerative capabilities?
Which of the following tissues is known for having very limited regenerative capabilities?
Why is tissue engineering critical in the field of regenerative medicine?
Why is tissue engineering critical in the field of regenerative medicine?
What characterizes adult/somatic stem cells in relation to their population dynamics?
What characterizes adult/somatic stem cells in relation to their population dynamics?
What potential advantage do embryonic stem (ES) cells have over adult stem cells?
What potential advantage do embryonic stem (ES) cells have over adult stem cells?
What is a potential risk associated with the transplantation of immature embryonic stem cell-derived tissues?
What is a potential risk associated with the transplantation of immature embryonic stem cell-derived tissues?
Which type of stem cell therapy involves using stem cells from a different species?
Which type of stem cell therapy involves using stem cells from a different species?
Which of the following statements about embryonic stem cells is true?
Which of the following statements about embryonic stem cells is true?
What defines autologous stem cell therapy?
What defines autologous stem cell therapy?
What is a significant drawback of using embryonic stem cells for research?
What is a significant drawback of using embryonic stem cells for research?
In which scenario are adult stem cells primarily involved?
In which scenario are adult stem cells primarily involved?
What defines the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine?
What defines the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine?
In tissue engineering, how do biomaterials assist in creating tissue structures?
In tissue engineering, how do biomaterials assist in creating tissue structures?
What challenges arise from using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What challenges arise from using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What ethical dilemma is associated with the use of embryonic stem cells?
What ethical dilemma is associated with the use of embryonic stem cells?
What is the role of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering?
What is the role of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering?
Which of the following stem cell types is least likely to raise ethical concerns?
Which of the following stem cell types is least likely to raise ethical concerns?
What characteristic distinguishes totipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
What characteristic distinguishes totipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
How do stem cells contribute to drug discovery and disease modeling?
How do stem cells contribute to drug discovery and disease modeling?
What is a key characteristic of induced pluripotent stem cells that differentiates them from somatic cells?
What is a key characteristic of induced pluripotent stem cells that differentiates them from somatic cells?
What is one of the significant concerns regarding the use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells?
What is one of the significant concerns regarding the use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells?
Which of the following properties of induced pluripotent stem cells presents a risk in their application for regenerative medicine?
Which of the following properties of induced pluripotent stem cells presents a risk in their application for regenerative medicine?
In what way can induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) be practically utilized in disease modeling?
In what way can induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) be practically utilized in disease modeling?
Which of the following accurately describes the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell conversion?
Which of the following accurately describes the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell conversion?
What distinguishes teratomas from induced pluripotent stem cells in terms of their composition?
What distinguishes teratomas from induced pluripotent stem cells in terms of their composition?
What is a major limitation faced in clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cells?
What is a major limitation faced in clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cells?
How do induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and embryonic stem (ES) cells compare in terms of ethical concerns?
How do induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and embryonic stem (ES) cells compare in terms of ethical concerns?
What type of stem cell is primarily responsible for constructing an entire organism?
What type of stem cell is primarily responsible for constructing an entire organism?
Which statement about multipotent stem cells is accurate?
Which statement about multipotent stem cells is accurate?
What defines the differentiation potential of a stem cell?
What defines the differentiation potential of a stem cell?
Which of the following best describes bi/unipotent stem cells?
Which of the following best describes bi/unipotent stem cells?
What is a primary function of stem cells in relation to organ maintenance?
What is a primary function of stem cells in relation to organ maintenance?
What aspect limits the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What aspect limits the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
In which scenario would totipotent stem cells be primarily found?
In which scenario would totipotent stem cells be primarily found?
What is meant by stem cell potential?
What is meant by stem cell potential?
Which type of stem cell is derived from an early-stage blastocyst?
Which type of stem cell is derived from an early-stage blastocyst?
What characterizes adult stem cells compared to progenitor cells?
What characterizes adult stem cells compared to progenitor cells?
What is a key advantage of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What is a key advantage of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What term describes the process of using a combination of cells and technology to repair biological tissues?
What term describes the process of using a combination of cells and technology to repair biological tissues?
Which type of stem cell therapy is routinely used within the NHS?
Which type of stem cell therapy is routinely used within the NHS?
What ethical concern is associated with embryonic stem cells?
What ethical concern is associated with embryonic stem cells?
Which characteristic best describes embryonic stem cells?
Which characteristic best describes embryonic stem cells?
What is a drawback of using embryonic stem cells in transplantation?
What is a drawback of using embryonic stem cells in transplantation?
What type of stem cell is derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst?
What type of stem cell is derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst?
What is a primary characteristic of autologous stem cell therapy?
What is a primary characteristic of autologous stem cell therapy?
What type of cells do teratomas develop from?
What type of cells do teratomas develop from?
Which characteristic is unique to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
Which characteristic is unique to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
What is one of the disadvantages of using iPS cells?
What is one of the disadvantages of using iPS cells?
What can iPS cells be induced to become for research purposes?
What can iPS cells be induced to become for research purposes?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells?
What is one of the applications of iPS cells?
What is one of the applications of iPS cells?
Which type of stem cell has limited self-renewal capacity?
Which type of stem cell has limited self-renewal capacity?
What is a major concern when using iPS cells in therapeutic applications?
What is a major concern when using iPS cells in therapeutic applications?
What is the term for the process of using a combination of cells, engineering technology, and biomaterials to improve or replace biological tissues?
What is the term for the process of using a combination of cells, engineering technology, and biomaterials to improve or replace biological tissues?
What type of cells are known for their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types?
What type of cells are known for their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types?
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into all types of cells in the body?
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into all types of cells in the body?
What type of stem cell can give rise to both embryonic and extra-embryonic cells?
What type of stem cell can give rise to both embryonic and extra-embryonic cells?
What is a significant ethical concern associated with embryonic stem cells?
What is a significant ethical concern associated with embryonic stem cells?
What is 3D bioprinting primarily used for in regenerative medicine?
What is 3D bioprinting primarily used for in regenerative medicine?
Which stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into several closely related cell types?
Which stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into several closely related cell types?
Which type of stem cells are formed from reprogrammed adult cells?
Which type of stem cells are formed from reprogrammed adult cells?
What function do biomaterials serve in tissue engineering?
What function do biomaterials serve in tissue engineering?
What do we call stem cells that can differentiate into one or two different types of cells?
What do we call stem cells that can differentiate into one or two different types of cells?
What is one major potential application of stem cells in medicine?
What is one major potential application of stem cells in medicine?
Which type of stem cell maintains the ability for self-renewal throughout a person's life?
Which type of stem cell maintains the ability for self-renewal throughout a person's life?
What represents the overall capability of a stem cell to differentiate into specialized cells?
What represents the overall capability of a stem cell to differentiate into specialized cells?
Which stem cells are capable of reforming an entire organism, specifically deriving from the zygote?
Which stem cells are capable of reforming an entire organism, specifically deriving from the zygote?
What is a significant characteristic of adult stem cells compared to embryonic stem cells?
What is a significant characteristic of adult stem cells compared to embryonic stem cells?
Flashcards
What is a stem cell?
What is a stem cell?
A cell that can both self-renew (copy itself) and differentiate into specialized cells, like muscle or nerve cells.
Progenitor Cell
Progenitor Cell
A cell that can develop into a limited range of cell types, but not all. These cells are often found in specific tissues and play a role in tissue repair and growth.
Stem Cell Potential
Stem Cell Potential
The ability of a stem cell to differentiate into different cell types. Can be totipotent (all cell types), pluripotent (many cell types), multipotent (few cell types), or unipotent (one specific cell type).
Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative Medicine
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Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering
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Stem cell
Stem cell
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Potency
Potency
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Totipotent
Totipotent
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Pluripotent
Pluripotent
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Multipotent
Multipotent
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Bi/Unipotent
Bi/Unipotent
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Differentiation
Differentiation
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What are the functions of adult stem cells?
What are the functions of adult stem cells?
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Where are adult stem cells located and what is their usual state?
Where are adult stem cells located and what is their usual state?
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What is the typical number and state of adult stem cells?
What is the typical number and state of adult stem cells?
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Is there a routine adult stem cell therapy in the NHS?
Is there a routine adult stem cell therapy in the NHS?
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What is the difference between autologous and allogeneic cell therapy?
What is the difference between autologous and allogeneic cell therapy?
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What is xenogeneic cell therapy?
What is xenogeneic cell therapy?
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What are embryonic stem (ES) cells and their characteristics?
What are embryonic stem (ES) cells and their characteristics?
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What are some potential applications of ES cells?
What are some potential applications of ES cells?
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Teratoma
Teratoma
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Pluripotent Cells
Pluripotent Cells
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells)
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Reprogramming (iPS Cells)
Reprogramming (iPS Cells)
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iPS Cells in Disease Modeling
iPS Cells in Disease Modeling
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Regenerative Medicine (iPS Cells)
Regenerative Medicine (iPS Cells)
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Tissue Engineering (iPS Cells)
Tissue Engineering (iPS Cells)
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Autologous iPS Cells
Autologous iPS Cells
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What is Regenerative Medicine?
What is Regenerative Medicine?
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What is Tissue Engineering?
What is Tissue Engineering?
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What are Biomaterials as Scaffolds?
What are Biomaterials as Scaffolds?
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What is 3D Bioprinting?
What is 3D Bioprinting?
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What is Stem Cell Potential?
What is Stem Cell Potential?
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What are Embryonic Stem Cells?
What are Embryonic Stem Cells?
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What are Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)?
What are Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)?
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Study Notes
Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine
- Stem cells are crucial for the body's repair and maintenance
- Stem cell potential describes a stem cell's ability to differentiate into various specialized cells
- Stem cells differ from progenitor cells in their potency (ability to differentiate), progenitor cells have a more limited ability to differentiate
- Types of stem cells used for regenerative medicine include adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
- Adult stem cells replace dead cells and regenerate damaged tissues, generating cell types of the organ they originate from, they are usually present in low numbers and often quiescent
- Adult stem cells are prevalent in regions like bone marrow, and skin
- Embryonic stem cells are derived from a 5-day-old blastocyst's inner cell mass, capable of becoming any cell type in the body, and can be cultured in a lab, they proliferate without differentiating
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are created from adult cells, reverting them to a pluripotent state, they have the potential to differentiate into various cell types and are a promising alternative to embryonic stem cells, similar properties to embryonic stem cells
- Stem cells are classified based on their potency (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent), defining their ability to differentiate into different cell types
- Progenitor cells are intermediate cell types, producing specialized cell types in a lineage-restricted way
- The hematopoietic system is an example of lineage-restricted differentiation of progenitor cells
- Cell therapy uses stem cells to treat diseases, this can be autologous, allogeneic, or xenogenic
- Regenerative medicine replaces, engineers, and regenerates damaged human cells, tissues, or organs to restore their normal function
- Tissue engineering incorporates cells, scaffolds (biomaterials), and biological factors to improve or replace tissues/organs
- Biomaterials as scaffolds are used to create tissue structure, combining human cells, matrix proteins, and growth factors
- 3D bioprinting is a modern technique for tissue engineering, with the help of this, scaffold tissues are built without damaging the cells
- Three main types of stem cells are embryonic, induced pluripotent and adult stem cells
Learning Objectives
- Understand what a stem cell is and why stem cells are needed
- Understand the differences between stem cells and progenitor cells
- Classify various stem cell types and their applications in regenerative medicine (Adult stem cells, Embryonic stem cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells, Progenitor cells).
- Understand tissue engineering in the context of regenerative medicine
- Understand the differences in differentiation potential (Potency) and how it relates to stem cells
- How Stem cells and progenitor cells work together
Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells
- Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a 5-day-old blastocyst
- ES cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into all cell types in the body
- Embryonic stem cells are immortal, meaning they can proliferate indefinitely in culture without differentiating
- ES cells are a source for studying human development, diseases, and drug testing
- ES cells are a potential source of tissue regeneration (allogeneic)
- Ethical concerns exist regarding the source of ES cells (destruction of the embryo).
Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells
- iPS cells are created from adult cells reprogrammed into a pluripotent state
- iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in terms of differentiation potential
- iPS cells have the advantage of using the patient's own cells (autologous), avoiding ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells
- iPS cell creation has a comparatively lower efficiency rate
- iPS cells offer potential for modeling diseases and testing therapeutic agents, but there can be problems with genomic integration
Adult Stem Cells: Function
- Replace dead cells
- Regenerate damaged tissues
- Generate cell types of the organ from which they originate
Adult/Somatic stem cells
- Present in low numbers
- Often quiescent(pushed to cell cycle when needed).
- Reside in specific niches within their organ.
- In continually proliferating tissues, cells are amplified by progenitor cells.
- Stem cell therapy is not yet a routine treatment in the NHS
Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Harvest and Transfusion
- Bone marrow or peripheral stem cells are harvested from the patient or donor
- Stem cells are isolated and infused back into the patient.
- This procedure is often used in chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Cell Therapy (Autologous, Allogeneic, Xenogenic)
- Autologous: Patient's own stem cells are used
- Allogeneic: Stem cells from a donor are used.
- Xenogeneic: Stem cells from a different species are used
Differentiation Potential (Potency)
- Totipotent: Can differentiate into embryonic and extra-embryonic cells
- Pluripotent: Can differentiate into all cell types of the body.
- Multipotent: Can differentiate into a number of closely related cell types.
- Bi/Unipotent: Can differentiate into one/two different types of cell.
Tissue Engineering
- Using cells, engineered technology, biomaterials, and biological factors to restore tissues or organs.
- Biomaterials act as scaffolds for cell growth.
- 3D bioprinting is an advanced technology to create tissues without damaging cells
Regenerative Medicine
- Replacing, engineering, and regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to function normally.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of stem cells, including their differentiation and types. This quiz covers key concepts such as totipotent, multipotent, and unipotent stem cells, along with their significance in the human body. Enhance your understanding of stem cells and their vital roles in development and tissue maintenance.
