Questions and Answers
What is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass?
Particles in a solid move freely.
False
What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?
Particles are close together but not in a fixed arrangement and can move past each other.
Which state of matter has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape?
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What is Bose-Einstein condensate?
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Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present.
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What is the difference between physical properties and chemical properties?
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Which technique is used to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture?
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The process of separating components of different degrees of solubility using fluids is called ______.
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Explain the purpose of evaporation in separating mixtures.
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Which method uses gravity to separate a solid from a liquid?
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Study Notes
Definition of Matter
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Composed of the smallest particles: atoms, molecules, and ions.
States of Matter
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Solid
- Particles closely packed in a fixed, orderly crystalline structure.
- Minimal space between particles; they vibrate in place.
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Liquid
- Particles are close but not in a fixed arrangement, allowing them to move past each other.
- Slightly more space between particles compared to solids; liquids flow and take the shape of their container.
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Gas
- Particles are far apart and not arranged; they move rapidly and collide with each other and container walls.
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Plasma
- Lacks definite volume or shape; consists of ionized gases with free electrical charges, making it electrically conductive.
- Formed by heating and ionizing a gas.
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Bose-Einstein Condensate
- Created by cooling atoms to near absolute zero, reducing their motion and free energy.
- Atoms clump together and behave as identical entities.
Properties of Matter
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Physical Properties
- Determination does not involve a change in composition (e.g., boiling point, color).
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Chemical Properties
- Involve a change in composition during determination or measurement (e.g., reactivity).
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Extensive Properties
- Depend on the amount of matter, changing with the substance's quantity (e.g., mass, volume).
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Intensive Properties
- Do not depend on the amount of substance (e.g., density, melting point).
Separating Mixtures
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Decantation
- Separates immiscible liquids or solids from liquids using gravity.
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Evaporation
- Used to separate dissolved solids from homogeneous mixtures; involves heating until liquid evaporates.
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Magnetism
- Removes magnetic solids from nonmagnetic components in a mixture.
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Filtration
- Separates solid-liquid mixtures by passing them through a filter, trapping the solid.
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Chromatography
- Separates components based on solubility, using a stationary phase and a moving fluid (used for color pigments).
Types of Matter
- Three main classifications: elements, compounds, and mixtures.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of matter in STEM 11. This quiz covers the definitions and properties of atoms, molecules, and the states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these concepts!
