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Questions and Answers
What type of t-test is appropriate when comparing two measurements from the same subjects?
What type of t-test is appropriate when comparing two measurements from the same subjects?
- Two-sample t-test
- One sample t-test
- Paired or dependent t-test (correct)
- Independent t-test
In the context of t-tests, which statement is true regarding standard deviation and standard error?
In the context of t-tests, which statement is true regarding standard deviation and standard error?
- Both standard deviation and standard error are used interchangeably in t-tests.
- Standard deviation describes the spread of sample data, while standard error measures the accuracy of the sample mean. (correct)
- Standard deviation is used to estimate population parameters.
- Standard error provides a measure of variability within a sample.
What is the p-value obtained in the pair t-test example provided?
What is the p-value obtained in the pair t-test example provided?
- 0.027 (correct)
- 0.067
- 0.012
- 0.050
Which t-test is most appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?
Which t-test is most appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?
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If the means of two samples are 79.6 and 82.4 respectively, what does this suggest about the results?
If the means of two samples are 79.6 and 82.4 respectively, what does this suggest about the results?
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Study Notes
Parametric Tests
- Parametric tests assume data follows a normal distribution
- Parametric tests are more powerful than non-parametric tests
Analysis of Two Sample Means (t-tests)
- Used to compare means of two groups
- Mean ± variation: describes spread of data
- SD (Standard Deviation): measures how spread out data is
- SE (Standard Error): measures how precise the sample mean is
T-test Steps
- Calculate difference between sample means
- Estimate standard error of differences
- Calculate a t-statistic
- Identify degrees of freedom
- Determine p-value from t-statistic
One sample t-test
- Compares sample mean to known population mean
- Determines if sample mean differs significantly from population mean
Independent t-test
- Compares means of two independent groups
- Assumes groups are independent of each other
Paired or Dependent T-test
- Compares means of two related groups
- Used for repeated measures or matched pairs
- Example: pre- and post-training measures in the same individuals
Example of Paired t-test
- Mean pre-training: 79.6
- Mean post-training: 82.4
- p=0.027 indicates significant difference between pre- and post-training scores
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