Statistics: Sample Size, Hypothesis Testing

Art Appreciation Course Description

• Art Appreciation is a three-unit course.
• The goal is to develop the students ability to appreciate, analyze, and critique works of art.
• This course equips students with broad knowledge of practical, historical, philosophical and social relevance of the arts.
• It aims to develop skills in researching, curating, conceptualizing, mounting, and evaluating art productions.
• The course aims to develop genuine appreciation for Philippine Arts and the Filipino culture as a whole.

Course Outline

• Assumption and Nature of Arts: Creativity and Imagination
• Functions of Art and Philosophy
• Art and Artisans: Production Process, Medium, Technique, and Curation
• Elements and Principles of Arts
• Art History (Asian, Western, Philippines)
• Soul making (Soul, Sound, Structure); Workshops on Improvisations, Installation, Transcreation, and Local Arts

Learning Outcomes: Knowledge

• Students will demonstrate and understanding and appreciation of arts in general.
• Students will be able to define and demonstrate the elements and principles of design.
• Students will be able to explain and evaluate different theories of art.
• Students will be able to situate Philippine arts in a global context.

Learning Outcomes: Skills

• Students will be able to analyze and appraise works of art based on aesthetic value, historical context, tradition.
• Students will be able to mount an art exhibit which includes concept development, production, postproduction, marketing, documentation, critiquing.
• Students will be able to create their own works of art and curate their own production or exhibit.
• Students will be able to utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocacies.

Learning Outcomes: Values

• Deepen sensitivity to self, community, and society
• Discover and deepen identity through art with respect to their nationality, culture, and religion
• Develop an appreciation of the local arts

Art Eras: Where to Begin?

• Humankind has been creating art to represent itself since becoming conscious.
• Cave paintings roughly 40,000 years old have been discovered.
• Paintings and drawings of human activity have been found from the Paleolithic Era under rocks and caves.
• Early humans may have produced paintings and drawings to record their lived experiences, tell stories to children, or pass down wisdom.

Art Timeline

• Romanesque: 1000-1150
• Gothic: 1140-1600
• Renaissance: 1495-1527
• Mannerism: 1520-1600
• Baroque: 1600-1725
• Rococo: 1720-1760
• Neoclassicism: 1770-1840
• Romanticism: 1800-1850
• Realism: 1840-1870
• Pre-Raphaelite: 1848-1854
• Impressionism: 1870-1900
• Naturalism: 1880-1900
• Post-Impressionism: 1880-1920
• Symbolism: 1880-1910
• Expressionism: 1890-1939
• Art Noveau: 1895-1915
• Cubism: 1905-1939
• Futurism: 1909-1918
• Dadaism: 1912-1923
• New Objectivity: 1918-1933
• Precisionism: 1920-1950
• Art Deco: 1920-1935
• Bauhaus: 1920-1925
• Surrealism: 1924-1945
• Abstract Expressionism: 1945-1960
• Pop-Art / Op Art: 1956-1969
• Arte Povera: 1960-1969
• Minimalism: 1960-1975
• Photorealism: 1968-now
• Lowbrow Pop Surrealism: 1970-now
• Contemporary Art: 1978-now

Art Appreciation Includes

• Gaining the knowledge to understand art
• Acquiring the art methods and materials to discuss art verbally or by written word
• Identifying the movements from ancient cultures to today's contemporary art

What is Art? and/or What is Beauty?

• Arts are modes of expression that use skill or imagination to create shareable aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences.
• Traditional art categories include literature, visual arts, graphic arts, plastic arts, decorative arts, performing arts, music, and architecture.

What is Creativity?

• Creativity is the use of imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of an artistic work.

Art as Universal

• Art is not localized or exclusive to any culture, region, or country.
• Each culture can benefit from having their culture represented in art.
• Every person can have access to authentic art.

Aspects of Art

• Art is the physical representation of a cultures views, beliefs and practices.
• It reflects the essences of the people through their drawing, painting, carving, adornment, and folklore.
• Art can help one understand a culture that may otherwise be hard to relate to since it reaches people on a basic emotional level.
• Although art can vary greatly between cultures, it can also be a medium that bridges the gap between cultures.
• It can be used to represent the core beliefs of a society and can also express power, prestige, and rank.

Why Art is Not Nature

• Art is a product of the artist's imagination.
• Art does not exist in the real world until the artist creates it.
• Nature has always existed and will continue to exist long after we are gone.

Visual Arts

• Visual art is work intended to be viewed visually.
• Different types of visual art exist.
• Creative works may be made with a variety of materials, methods, and techniques.

Three Types of Visual Arts

• Fine Art
• Decorative Art
• Commercial Arts

Dimensions of Visual Arts

• 2D visual artists work in painting, drawing, digital and film photography, mixed media, and graphic design.
• 3D visual artists work in ceramics, sculpture, metal work, mixed media, and 3D computer modeling.

Dimensions Explained

• Two-dimensional art exists in two dimensions.
• Three-dimensional art includes height, width, and depth.

Film

• A film (or movie, motion picture, picture, or photoplay) is a work of visual art.
• Film simulates experiences and communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through moving images.

Digital Art

• Digital Art also called computer art or new media art.
• It is art made using software, computers, or other electronic device.
• Examples: animations, photographs, digital paintings etc.

Analog Art

• Painting, sculpture, printmaking from ink and film photography are considered analog.
• Traditional fine arts that are made from tangible materials are manipulated by hand or with simple tools.

Performance Art

• Performance art is artwork/exhibition created through actions executed by the artist or participants.
• Key elements include time, space, body, artist's presence, and the creator/public relationship

Performing Arts

• Performing arts examples are dance, music, opera, theater, musical theater, magic, illusion, mime, spoken word, puppetry, circus arts, professional wrestling and performance art.
• Performance art is when artists perform their work live to an audience.

Performance Poetry

• Performance poetry is a type of poetry that is performed for an audience; this type of poetry can be written in advance or be spontaneously composed while performing.
• Performance poetry connects to oral traditions that date back to ancient times.
• Performances include rhyme, alliteration, and unique artistic styles.

Architecture

• Designing and building as distinguished from the skills associated construction
• Popular Styles of Home Architecture: Tudor, Mediterranean Revival, Craftsman, De Stijl

Tudor Style

• Distinctive features of the Tudor style include high pitched roofs and gables, tall chimneys, large mullioned windows, herringbone brickwork, and exterior walls that are half-timbered with white stucco.

Mediterranean Revival Style

• Elements are borrowed from Renaissance architecture of Spain and Italy, first brought to the Americas during the colonial period.
• Features include rectangular floor plans, white stucco walls, red tiled roofs, arched windows, balconies, and bell towers reminiscent of Spanish churches.

Craftsman Style

• A movement in American architecture.
• Principles drawing inspiration from Britain's Arts and Crafts movement.
• It emphasized visible handwork, local materials, and simplicity of design

De Stijl Style

• Launched by artists and architects in the Netherlands post WW1.
• Founders believed their work could be made universal through pure abstraction.
• It Simplified visual forms to horizontal and vertical and utilized only black, white, and primary colors.

Common Architecture Styles

• Neoclassical style draws from the architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome.
• Neoclassical movement began in the mid-1700s.
• Monuments, museums, and functioning government buildings are Neoclassical.

Common Architecture Styles

• Gothic Revival architectural style drew inspiration from medieval architecture.
• Gothic Revival and Neoclassical competed in United States and Great Britain.

Dance

• Dance is an art form that uses movement and gestures to express emotions, tell a story, or create a visual representation of music.
• Dance is a form of physical expression used for thousands of years, including religious rituals, entertainment, and cultural expressions.
• Dance can range from traditional folk dances to contemporary styles; it can be performed solo, with partners, or large groups in theaters, concert halls, nightclubs, and outdoor spaces.

Types of Dance

• Ballet is a classical dance form, characterized by graceful, flowing movements, elegant gestures, and precise technique.
• Jazz Dance is a popular style that originated in the United States, characterized by energetic and playful movements.
• Modern Dance is a contemporary form that emphasizes individual expression, fluid movements, and a focus on the body's inner sensations and emotions.
• Hip Hop Dance is a style that emerged from hip hop culture, characterized by fast, rhythmical movements, and innovative, street-style choreography.
• Ballroom Dance is a group of partner dances performed in ballroom settings, including the waltz, tango, foxtrot, and cha-cha.
• Folk Dance is a type of dance that reflects the traditional cultural values/practices of a group of people.
• Tap Dance involves making rhythmical sounds with the feet by striking the floor with metal plates attached to the dancer's shoes.
• Belly Dance originated in the Middle East and North Africa and is characterized by fluid, undulating movements of the torso and hips.
• Salsa Dance is a lively, rhythmical dance originated in Caribbean, performed in salsa music.

Literary

• Literary references art that uses language to express ideas, emotions and experiences.
• Literature take form: poetry, fiction, non-fiction, drama and more.

Types of Literary Mediums

• Poetry uses imaginative and creativity to express experiences.
• Prose uses written language in its natural form without a structure.
• Includes novels, memoirs, and biographies.
• Drama is a form of literature that is performative and uses dialogue, characterization, and action.
• Fantasy is literature characterized by imagination and supernatural elements.
• Science Fiction focuses on advancements or tech and its impact on society. Horror is literature using terror to induce fear or uncomfort.

Theatre

• Theatre is a form of live performance art involving actors telling a story presented to an audience.
• It can be performed in a variety of settings.
• Theatre has been a part of human culture for thousands of years, used to entertain and provoke thought on cultural issues.
• Study of theatre is known as theatre criticism.

Theatre Types

• Drama portrays characters with a focus on dialogue and interpersonal conflict.
• Comedy is meant to make the audience laugh using humor and satire to comment society.
• Musical Theatre that combines music, lyrics, and dance with a dramatic story.
• Opera: A form of theater that is characterized by its use of music, singing, and dance to tell a story and involves elaborate design.
• Improvisational Theater: A show in which the performers create the scenes and dialogue on the spot, based on suggestions from the audience. Impromptu Story Telling.
• Physical Theater emphasizes physical movement and gesture to tell a story, often with a focus on mime and dance. Puppetry uses puppets by hand or with strings.

Applied Arts

• Applied arts is the creative and practical application of design principles to everyday objects.
• Aimed to meet the needs and desires of their intended users.
• Play an important role in shaping environment and impactful effect on our wellbeing. Valued for beauty and utility.

Types of Applied Arts

• Fashion design involves the creatiob and production of clothing and accessories.
• Interior design focuses on the decoration of indoor spaces including office and publics buildings.
• Industrial design: focuses on manufacturing the design of products appliances etc.
• Ceramics uses pottery, tiles, and sculptures.
• Textiles involves clothing, upholstery, and household linens.
• Metalworking crafts jewellery, metal sculptures, and household items.
• Graphic design offers logos, brochures, and websites.
• Furniture design create chairs, tables, and cabinets.
• Glassmaking create glass sculptures, windows and household items.
• Product design focuses on consumer products.

Functions of Art and Philosophy

• Personal Function: Provides comfort, happiness, and convenience to human beings; satisfies individual needs for personal expression; educates our senses and sharpens our perception.
• Physical Function: Addresses our physical needs for utilitarian objects and structures; provides the need for beauty in functional objects for everyday use; provides planning of communities according to environmental and operational efficiency.
• Social Function: Used for social needs for display, celebration, and communication; seeks to influence the collective behavior of people; expresses or describes social/collective aspects of existence.

Philosophical Perspectives of Art

• Art as Imitation means that it leads a viewer further and further away from the truth towards an illusion, according to Plato.
• Art as Representation idealizes nature and corrects its imperfections in order to perceive the universal type in a specific phenomena.
• Art as Disinterested Judgment means that aesthetic judgments must have distinct characteristics.

Philosophical Perspectives of Art

Art as a Communicator of Emotion in the face of terrible poverty and misery, Tolstory said, art is vital. Art is a type of expression in which a person expresses his or her thoughts to another person.

The Subjects of Art

• The subject of art is the matter to be described or to be portrayed by the artist referring to any person, object, scene or event.
• Two Kinds of Art as to Subject: Representational Art (objective) and Non Representational Art (Non-objective)

Representational or Objective Art

• These arts depict objects that are commonly recognized by most people.
• They attempt to copy something that's real.
• It uses "form" and is concerned with "what's to be depicted.
• Common examples are Still Life, Portraiture, Landscapes, Seascapes and Cityscapes.

Non-representational or Non-objective Art

• Refers to arts without any reference to anything outside itself (without representation).
• It doesn't represent real objects, and it is abstract, using "content" and is concerned with "how" the artwork is depicted.

Methods of Presenting Art Subjects

• Realism refers to the artistic movement, which began in France in the 1850s.
• Portraying art according to the objective reality.
• It depicts everything exactly as it is.
• One is the painting of Zeuxis known for his grapes that looked so real that birds flew down to eat them.

Abstraction

• Its etymology is derived from Latin for "drawn away"; separated from material objects or practical matters, its totally opposite of realism.
• The artists show only their idea/feeling about it.
• Emphasizes the mood that they might want to portray with shapes, colors, no real-life images, or scenery.

Forms of Abstraction

• Distortion is present when the subject is misshapen or twisted out, usually by emphasizing a detail.
• Elongation refers to lengthened, a protraction or an extension.
• Mangling may show subject or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutilated, torn, hacked or disfigured.
• Cubism began in the early 1900s and created a new way of seeing things in art, often depicting combinations of geometric shapes.

Abstract Expressionism

• A modern art movement that flowered in America post-WWII until the dawn of pop art, replacing Paris as the center of the art world.
• Attempted to express feelings rapidly with force to their paintings; painting gesturally, non-geometrically applying them.
• The importance of the act creating and the qualities of the paint itself are what mattered.

Symbolism

• A symbol is a visible sign of something invisible.
• It concentrates or intensifies meaning in a subjective and conventional manner.

Fauvism

• It means "the beast".
• The movement of the last part of the 19th century: emphasized spontaneous use of bright colors.

Dadaism

• Dadaism refers is a cultural reaction against the barbarism of the war that tried to shock provoke.
• The term dada is a french word meaning hobby horse.

Futurism

• Began in the 1900's after a manifesto that celebrates technology, the future, and motion over nature.

Two Types of Surrealism

• Surrealism is known for making things out of the ordinary by focusing on real things that are found in imagination.
• Veristic Surrealism allows subconscious to be disturbed such as "Salvador Dali" using his clocks or face cheese.

Two Types of Surrealism

• Surrealism is known for making things out of the ordinary.
• Automatism emphasizes on subconscious feelings represented in abstract by" Carl jung" a proponent of this subject..

The Surrealistic Techniques

• Scale: Changing an object's scale or relative size.
• Levitation: floating objects that don't normally float.
• Juxtaposition: Joining two together for combinations.
• Dislocation: Creating unfamiliar object's in unusual environments.
• Transparency: Manipulating see through objects to not be transparent.
• Transformation: Unusual object changing.

Impressionism

• Sometimes referred to as optical realism due to its interest in the actual viewing experience.
• A direct attempt to capture the visual sensations derived from nature, focusing on color, light, and movement.
• It is all about the marvels of the human eye as an instrument.

Aspects of all Art

• Subject refers to a person, object or scene, or event described.
• Content is the meaning communicated by the artist.
• Form is the development and configuration of medium or material as a whole.

"Artist" Definition

• Art practitioner (painter, sculptor, choreographer, writer, poet, musician, etc.) who produces functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.
• Artists provide us with a means of provoking our thoughts, ideas, and emotions to discover ourselves.

“Artisan” Definition

• This Craftsmen produces functional &/or decorative arts.
• They help us in meeting our basic needs.

Art Market

• Relies on supply/demand and fabrication about money since artists do not make work with selling intentions and buyers have no idea as to the value.

Important Players in The Art Market

• The Curator, who is the keeper of a gallery or museum, is a content specialist.
• Art Buyer: They may scout talents for advertising but they also look for art from collecters.
• An Art Dealers helps people before they study their history so that the have no business but they figure out the price after the market.

The Creative Process

• Conceive/Vision: Start with a result in mind.
• Know what exists.
• Take Actions; dont leave it at just seeing.
• Develop creativity to increase ability to picture real situations.

Three Stages of the Creative Process

Germination (Idea) is the process that steps to move forward with the energy to move forward. Choose what specific.

• Assimilation is the crucial process, and cultivation of analyzing.
• Completion takes place after that is done: finishing each step and process.

The Medium and Technique

Medium: materials that are used when making a work of art. Technique: the form where the artists to have a driving force of a new idea after the ability has had come together.

Aspects of the ARTIST/ ARTISAN

• Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA) National: A national treasure award given to traditional art making filipinos through technical competence.

How to Become ARTIST/ARTISAN

• Master tools for needed for folks who work with extraordinary technical quality and are skilled.
• Have respect for your own intergrity.
• Able to share the knowledge and craft.

Famous Artists

• Ginaw Bilog
  • Artist and Poet
  • Works on Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro Poetry. Masino intaray (Musician and Poem) 2013 was a time of musician when the Basa/Gong hit.

National Artist of the Philippines

• The order of the National Artists is considered to be the highest national recognition for individuals who contributed to the development of Philippine arts. The President of the Philippines grants this award after recommendations. It recognizes filipinos for arts and culture. Living Artists/Filipino Citizens. Through the content and form of their work.

Art Exhibits

• Planned arrangement and exhibit of items that take place in museums, galleries.

Elements of Art

• Included with the artwork of style that an artists communicates best.

Elements of Art Include

types of lines, colors textures size space and mark making. types of shapes : Geometric,Organic and positive.

Categories of Color.

• Color wheel that is used to organize the makeup. Primary/Analogous and Monochromatic.

Texture Types

• Real- The texture of an object
• Imagined- Looking at art that appears a certain way. But is in no way in real.

Space Types

• Positive and Negatives with group and area around sections.

Visual Art Values

• Value has importance based on the amount of light.

Types of good design

• The tools each artist uses to create and effective completion.

Types of Design

• Balance used by symmetry
• The axis may be more vertical or horizontal.
• It has its own type whether if its horizontally radial.

Visuals

• A pattern with a mix of colors.

Other Points

• Emphasis creates focal point in the design compensation
• Contrast,is an amount of high and low subject level in art
• Movement represents the visual flow that is intended to eye to follow.

Harmonize

• Helps the image all relate to each or and complement.

Art Concepts include

• Unity and design or visual that give relationships in a design
• Portion refers to the size or objects.

Explore the relationship between sample size and statistical power. Understand null hypothesis, significance levels, and the role of control groups in experimental studies. Learn about p-values in hypothesis testing.