Statistics in Health Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the null hypothesis regarding adverse events in the study?

  • Adverse events after hypericum are lower than after imipramine.
  • Imipramine causes more adverse events than hypericum.
  • Both treatments have no adverse events.
  • Adverse events are the same after hypericum as after imipramine. (correct)
  • The expected value for Antibiotic A is 122.

    True

    What percentage of values is expected to be below the mean in a normal distribution?

    50%

    The incidence of breast cancer in 2000 was approximately _____ cases per million citizens.

    <p>645.39</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following distribution characteristics with their corresponding values:

    <p>Above the mean = 50% Below the mean = 50% Within 1 standard deviation = 68% Within 2 standard deviations = 95% Within 3 standard deviations = 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for calculating the Odds Ratio based on given patient data?

    <p>(50/35)/(40/60)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incidence of Hepatitis C can be calculated using the total number of drug users infected during the follow-up period.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total number of drug abusers involved in the study?

    <p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appropriate test to study the prevalence of S.aureus and E.coli in the two groups is the ______.

    <p>Chi square test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drug effectiveness evaluations:

    <p>Drug A = Existing less effective Drug B = New more expensive Dominance = Better alternatives available Refused = Less effective but more costly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the follow-up period, how many new patients were infected with Hepatitis C?

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frequency of subjects dealing with avian flu is higher than those not dealing with it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated Odds Ratio based on the provided data?

    <p>2.122</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Relative Risk calculated from the provided data is 0.533.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate Sensitivity?

    <p>a/(a+b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The test used to compare Cmax of ondansetron preparations in men and women is called a ______.

    <p>Multifactorial ANOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the statistical tests with their corresponding hypotheses:

    <p>Unpaired t-test = No difference in labetalol AUC/dose in men and women Multifactorial ANOVA = No difference between Cmax of ondansetron preparations in men and women Statistical Test for Sensitivity = Test effectiveness for avian flu detection Statistical Test for Specificity = Test accuracy for non-infected cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the specificity calculated from the provided data?

    <p>0.65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The null hypothesis for the study of St. John’s Wort is that it is more effective than imipramine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the Relative Risk using the provided values for Dealing with and Not Dealing with avian flu.

    <p>1.714</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Odds Ratio calculated is ______.

    <p>2.122</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parameter 'a' represent in the sensitivity calculation?

    <p>True positives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug Information Practical Revision

    • A table displays data about smokers and non-smokers, categorized as cancer patients and non-cancer patients.
      • Smokers with cancer: 50
      • Non-smokers with cancer: 40
      • Smokers without cancer: 35
      • Non-smokers without cancer: 60
      • Total smokers: 90
      • Total non-smokers: 95
    • Instructions to calculate Odds Ratio are given with three possible formulas.
    • A study was conducted on 10,000 drug abusers.
      • 1000 had Hepatitis C
      • 200 had Hepatitis B
      • During the 2-year follow-up:
        • 200 of those with Hepatitis C died
        • 50 of those with Hepatitis B died
      • 200 new patients were infected with Hepatitis C in one year
      • Incidence of Hepatitis C in one year was: 100/9000
    • A study on the prevalence of S. aureus and E. coli in two groups (breastfed and artificially fed).
      • The appropriate statistical test is the Chi-square test.
    • A study on LDL levels comparing two groups taking different drugs (Drug A and Drug B).
      • The appropriate statistical test is the unpaired t-test.
    • If Drug B is offered as a replacement for Drug A, but is more expensive and less effective, it would be refused. Drug B is dominated.
    • A table describes the frequencies of subjects who were affected by avian flu, categorized by their exposure to avian.
      • Dealing with avian: cases - 40; control - 70
      • Not dealing with avian: cases - 35; control - 130
    • Calculate Odd Ratio of the Avian Flu data: 2.122
    • Calculate Relative Risk of the Avian Flu data: 1.714
    • If a new laboratory test for detecting avian flu was used on the data, calculate sensitivity and specificity.
      • Sensitivity: 0.533
      • Specificity: 0.65
    • A study on gender differences in labetalol kinetics for racemic drugs.
      • Dose-corrected AUC of labetalol was compared in women (n=5) and men (n=14)
      • Unpaired t-test is the appropriate statistical test.
    • A study on Ondansetron tablets and suppositories.
      • Cmax (maximum concentration) was determined for men (8) and women (8)
      • The appropriate statistical test is Multifactorial ANOVA.
    • A study to compare St. John's Wort with imipramine.
      • The appropriate statistical test is Chi-square.
    • What is the expected value for antibiotic A?: 122
    • Estimate the incidence of breast cancer in the US given 182,000 new cases in 2000 and a population of 282 million.
      • Incidence: 645.39 cases/million citizens
    • Percentage of values in a normal distribution are given for above the mean, below the mean, within one standard deviation, within two standard deviations and within three standard deviations from the mean.
      • Above the Mean: 50%
      • Below the Mean: 50%
      • Within 1 SD: 68%
      • Within 2 SD: 95%
      • Within 3 SD: 99%
    • Time spent sleeping by 550 secondary school students was recorded.
      • Mean time: 7.6 hours
      • Standard deviation: 0.5 hours
      • Draw the normal distribution curve for the data.
      • 95% of students spent between 6.6 and 8.6 hours sleeping
      • Percentage of students who spent between 7.1 and 8.1 hours sleeping: 68%

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key statistical concepts and methods used in health research. This quiz covers topics such as the null hypothesis, mean distributions, Odds Ratio calculations, and disease incidence rates. Perfect for students or professionals in the fields of epidemiology and public health.

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