Questions and Answers
How do a parameter and a statistic differ?
A parameter is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population, whereas a statistic is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.
Is the mean height for construction workers six feet a statistic or a parameter?
parameter
Is the result of adding the areas of 40 states and dividing by 40 a statistic or a parameter?
statistic
Is the weight of a car, found to be 1889.2 kg, from a discrete or continuous data set?
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Is the number of coins in a jar, which is 78, from a discrete or continuous data set?
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What is the most appropriate level of measurement for monthly rainfall: 2.4 in, 2.6 in, 2.8 in, 3 in, and 3.2 in?
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What is the most appropriate level of measurement for types of restaurants?
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What is the most appropriate level of measurement for people's ages?
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What type of data is associated with a parameter?
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Which of the following consists of discrete data?
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Which of the following would be classified as categorical data?
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What is the difference between a random sample and a simple sample?
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Does the description '381 men with a particular disease photographed daily' correspond to an observational study or an experiment?
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Does the description '10,263 people were surveyed about their anxiety' correspond to an observational study or an experiment?
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What type of sampling did the marketing company use when selecting every 10,000th person?
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What type of sampling did the research center use when calling randomly generated telephone numbers?
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What type of sampling is used when listeners call in their opinion?
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Which sampling method divides the population into sections and chooses all members from selected sections?
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Which sampling method involves subdividing the population into categories and selecting a sample from each subdivision?
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What best classifies a study conducted to measure children's growth rates without treatment?
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Study Notes
Parameters vs. Statistics
- A parameter is a numerical measurement that describes a characteristic of a population.
- A statistic is a numerical measurement that describes a characteristic of a sample.
Identifying Parameter and Statistic
- The mean height of construction workers is a parameter since it represents a characteristic of the entire population.
- The average area calculated from 40 states is a statistic as it reflects a characteristic derived from a sample.
Discrete vs. Continuous Data
- A car's weight of 1889.2 kg is from a continuous data set because it can take infinitely numerous values and cannot be counted.
- The number of coins in a jar, reported as 78, represents a discrete data set since it can only take specific values.
Levels of Measurement
- Monthly rainfall (inches) is measured at the ratio level, allowing for meaningful differences and a true zero point.
- Types of restaurants (e.g., fast food, organic) fall under the nominal level, as the data cannot be ordered.
- People's ages are classified as a ratio level of measurement since they can be ordered and meaningful mathematical operations can occur.
Characteristics of Data
- Parameters are linked to data obtained from an entire population.
- Discrete data includes counts like the number of suitcases on a plane.
- Categorical data includes characteristics like hair color.
Sampling Methods
- A random sample ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection.
- A simple random sample guarantees that all samples of the same size have the same chance of being chosen.
Types of Studies
- An observational study involves collecting data without intervention, as seen when photographing men with a disease.
- Surveys, such as one asking about anxiety contributors, are also observational studies since no treatment is applied.
Sampling Techniques
- Systematic sampling selects every 10,000th person from a list.
- Random sampling involves randomly generated telephone numbers for participant selection.
- Convenience sampling occurs when a radio station asks listeners to call in their opinions.
- Cluster sampling divides the population into sections, selecting and studying all members from chosen sections.
- Stratified sampling categorizes the population into similar groups and selects samples from each category.
Growth Rate Study
- A study measuring children's growth without treatment is classified as an observational study.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in statistics with these flashcards covering parameters and statistics. Learn to differentiate between numerical measurements of populations and samples. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of foundational statistical terms.
