Statistics: Correlation, Data Analysis, Interpretation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statistical measures is most affected by extreme values in a dataset?

  • Mean (correct)
  • Median
  • Interquartile range
  • Mode

If a dataset has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10, what percentage of the data would you expect to fall between 40 and 60, assuming a normal distribution?

  • Approximately 95%
  • Approximately 68% (correct)
  • Approximately 50%
  • Approximately 99.7%

A scatter plot shows a cluster of points with no clear upward or downward trend. What can you infer about the correlation between the two variables?

  • There is no correlation. (correct)
  • There is a strong negative correlation.
  • There is a strong positive correlation.
  • There is a non-linear correlation.

What does a correlation coefficient close to +1 indicate?

<p>A strong positive correlation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In regression analysis, what does the line of best fit represent?

<p>The line that minimizes the sum of squared errors between the predicted and actual values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential limitation of using a line of best fit to make predictions?

<p>It assumes a linear relationship, which may not always be the case. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying outliers in a dataset?

<p>To identify data points that may be errors or have undue influence on the results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of statistical analysis, what does 'causation' imply?

<p>One variable directly influences another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to justify and explain the limitations of a statistical graph?

<p>To provide context for interpreting the data and to avoid misinterpretations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high standard deviation indicate about a dataset?

<p>Data points are more spread out from the mean. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Correlation

Describes the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two variables.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the count.

Median

The middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in ascending order.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

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Range

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set.

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Line of Best Fit

A line drawn on a scatter plot to represent the general trend of the data.

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Outlier

A point that differs significantly from other values in a dataset or graph

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Independent Variable

Variable that is being controlled or changed in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

Variable being tested and measured in an experiment, is dependent on the independent variable.

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Causation

Explanation of cause and effect between variables

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Study Notes

  • Formative assessment: Statistics
  • Level 1-2
  • Name and date to be completed

Correlation and Strength of Graphs

  • Task is to identify the correlation and strength of several graphs.

Data Set Analysis

  • Determine mean, median, mode, and range from given sets of data
  • Datasets include: 8, 4, 2, 2, 3, 7, 9 and 76, 80, 77, 78, 88, 98, 98, 98, 81, 76.
  • Show the working for data set analysis calculation

Interpreting Figure 1

  • Figure 1 plots total vs population in 2021
  • Identify the independent variable
  • Identify the dependent variable
  • Create a descriptive title
  • Describe the causation and whether it makes sense
  • Draw a line of best fit on the graph
  • Calculate the linear equation for the line of best fit

Interpreting Figure 2

  • Figure 2 plots Corruption Perception Index vs Happiness score
  • Identify the independent variable
  • Identify the dependent variable
  • Create a descriptive title
  • Describe the causation and whether it makes sense
  • Draw a line of best fit on the graph
  • Calculate the linear equation for the line of best fit

Analysis of Corruption Perception and Happiness

  • Determine Corruption Perception Index with a happiness score of 75% using the best fit line
  • Calculate Corruption Perception Index with a happiness score of 75% using the linear equation
  • Compare the answers obtained from the graph and the equation to determine the most precise strategy
  • Identify figure 2's outliers by marking them on the graph.
  • Justify findings and limitations of graph

Analysis of Food Supply and Happiness

  • Determine the food supply when the happiness score is at 25%, using the graph and the line of best fit.
  • Calculate the food supply when the happiness score of a country is at 25% using the linear equation from question 4f.
  • Compare the answers between parts 4g and 4h to determine the most precise strategy and why.
  • Identify the outliers from Figure 2 by marking them on the graph with an "X".
  • Justify and explain the limitations of Figure 2.

Criterion C - Communicating

  • Outlines the criteria for assessing mathematical communication skills at different levels.
  • At the most simple, students use limited mathematical language
  • At the highest Level is the consistent and effective use of mathematical language, representation, and reasoning.

Criterion D - Real-Life Application

  • Outlines the criteria for assessing the application of mathematics to real-life situations at different levels.
  • Levels range from identifying elements and finding solutions with limited success
  • At the highest levels students can successfully explain the degree of accuracy and validity.

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