Statistics Class Study Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What became a useful skill for people when humans first realized that counting was a good idea?

Collecting information

What was the next step after numbers became part of human language?

To outcomes

What did scientists need to develop after collecting data on populations during the 17th century?

Specific tools to answer specific questions

If there is a perfect correlation, what is the value of the correlation coefficient?

1.00 Signup and view all the answers

Statistics describes a set of _______ that are used for describing, organizing, and interpreting information.

tools and techniques Signup and view all the answers

Descriptive and inferential statistics work hand in hand, and which one you use depends on what?

The question you want answered Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of statistical analysis?

Organizing and summarizing data Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical methods are used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data?

Descriptive statistics Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to a set of tools and techniques used for describing, organizing, and interpreting data?

Statistics Signup and view all the answers

If your professor says 'Garbage in, garbage out,' what does he or she mean?

If you don't start with reliable data, you'll end up with unreliable results Signup and view all the answers

What type of research would a study about the prevalence of depression between undergraduate and graduate students be classified as?

Quantitative study Signup and view all the answers

Inferential statistics is most often used for which purpose?

Interpreting data Signup and view all the answers

What group receives a new drug treatment in a research study?

Experimental group Signup and view all the answers

What type of statistics is used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data?

Descriptive Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of information also called?

Data set Signup and view all the answers

What type of study is a survey an example of?

A non-experimental study Signup and view all the answers

What is the larger group from which a sample is drawn?

Population Signup and view all the answers

The average age of everyone in the class is an example of what type of statistics?

Descriptive Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal in statistics?

Generalize results from a sample to a population Signup and view all the answers

What term is defined as a set of mathematical operators that perform a particular mathematical task?

Formula Signup and view all the answers

If a teacher ranks students from low to high on their volleyball skills, he or she is measuring at what level?

Ordinal Signup and view all the answers

The empirical approach to knowledge is based on what?

Observation Signup and view all the answers

Which scale has an absolute zero?

Ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to summarize data?

Descriptive statistics Signup and view all the answers

In a study where students are rewarded to see which type promotes spelling achievement, spelling achievement is the...

Dependent variable Signup and view all the answers

If you increase the sample size, what effect does this have on the size of the standard error of the mean?

It decreases it Signup and view all the answers

What is the median of the following set of scores: 1.3, 4.7, 2.3, 3.3, 3.0, 2.9?

2.95 Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol M represent?

Mean Signup and view all the answers

What sampling technique involves drawing a specific percentage from different subgroups?

Stratified random sampling Signup and view all the answers

This measure of central tendency can be considered the most precise.

Mean Signup and view all the answers

What consists of the middle point of a set of values?

Median Signup and view all the answers

When there is an even number of scores, how is the median calculated?

Average the two middle scores Signup and view all the answers

This measure of central tendency can be considered the least precise.

Mode Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fundamental Concepts of Statistics

Counting is an essential skill for collecting information, marking the beginning of statistical thought.
Numbers were first associated with outcomes in early human language, facilitating data interpretation.

Historical Development

The 17th century marked the collection of initial population data, leading to the creation of specific tools for specific queries.

Statistics Overview

Statistics comprises tools and techniques for describing, organizing, and interpreting data.
The primary function of statistical analysis is to organize and summarize data effectively.

Types of Statistics

Descriptive statistics are used to characterize and describe data collections.
Inferential statistics are utilized for data interpretation and making predictions about a population from sample data.

Research Framework

Quantitative studies examine phenomena such as the prevalence of depression among different student groups.
Experimental groups receive treatment in research studies, distinguishing them from control groups.

Data and Measurement Concepts

A dataset is a collection of information, and a population refers to the whole group from which a sample is taken.
Different levels of measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, with ratio being the only scale that has an absolute zero.

Central Tendency Measures

The mean, median, and mode represent different measures of central tendency, each with unique characteristics and levels of precision.
The median is the middle point of a data set, calculated by averaging the two middle scores when there is an even number of values.

Sampling Techniques

Stratified random sampling involves dividing a population into subgroups and randomly selecting samples from each group to ensure representation.

Statistical Relationships

A perfect correlation coefficient value is 1.00, indicating a strong relationship between two variables.
Increasing sample size decreases the standard error of the mean, leading to more reliable results.

Practical Applications

Surveys are examples of non-experimental studies, essential for collecting data on various phenomena.
The dependent variable in research indicates what is being measured or tested, such as spelling achievement in studies assessing treatment effectiveness.

Additional Statistical Definitions

A formula is a set of mathematical operators for performing specific tasks.
"Garbage in, garbage out" emphasizes the importance of using reliable data for valid statistical results.

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Description

This quiz features flashcards designed to reinforce your understanding of fundamental concepts in statistics. The cards cover key terms and their definitions related to the history and application of data collection. Perfect for review before exams or as a study aid in statistics class.