Statistics Chapter: ANOVA and Regression Concepts

The magnitude of the differences between group means.

To determine which specific group means differ significantly from each other.

Homogeneity of variance or normality of residuals.

<p>The change in the dependent variable for a one-unit increase in the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the observed correlation between variables is likely to have occurred by chance or if it represents a true relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A factorial ANOVA with interactions allows analysis of how independent variables affect one another, in addition to the main effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A comparison of specific group means or combinations of group means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author does not want to charge a large sum for the book, as they feel uncomfortable with the high price a commercial publisher suggested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A free soft copy is available at <a href="http://www.compcogscisydney.com/learning-statistics-with-r.html">http://www.compcogscisydney.com/learning-statistics-with-r.html</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The book was written to accompany their stats lectures and can be adapted on the fly to fix problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was made for these specific lectures, and the author is available to adjust the content on the fly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hard copy can be ordered from <a href="http://www.lulu.com/content/13570633">www.lulu.com/content/13570633</a>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The book is a work in progress before version 1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The book was tested twice prior to version 0.3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author would endorse the book for students taking the DRIP and DRIP:A classes in 2013.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department A</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department D</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simpson's Paradox</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Females tended to apply to more competitive departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department A</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychology students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bayesian/frequentist divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to CRAN, which is a large library of statistical tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I, II, and III sums of squares for unbalanced factorial ANOVA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's easier to switch from null hypothesis testing to Bayesian methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using R, instead of proprietary software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a work in progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social scientists rely on statistics as they study complex phenomena unlike the simpler objects studied by physicists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic understanding of statistics is required for good psychological study design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical analysis is expensive and there is typically a shortage of statisticians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical analysis is expensive, and researchers may not have funds to hire statisticians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand studies, psychologists must understand how data is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a major shortage of statisticians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means that funding is limited, and hiring a statistician is often not an option.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The saying suggests that experiments in physics, for example, should be so clear that statistical analysis is unnecessary, which demonstrates the complexity of social science experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I do, I do not, or I have no opinion, or sometimes do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Male (XY) and female (XX).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In years and months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The length of time since birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because time since birth ignores factors such as prematurity or delayed births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The meaning of 'age' is dependent on the reference point used, which isn't always the time since birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

ANOVA stands for Analysis of Variance, used to compare means across multiple groups.

A quantitative measure of the strength of a phenomenon or relationship in ANOVA or regression.

Statistical tests conducted after ANOVA to find specific group differences.

An assumption in ANOVA that different groups have similar variances.

An assumption that data in groups follow a normal distribution for ANOVA.

A statistical model that examines the relationship between two or more variables by fitting a linear equation.

An extension of linear regression that uses multiple independent variables to predict an outcome.

Conditions that must be met for regression results to be valid, including linearity, independence, and normality of errors.

An early draft of the textbook, still a work in progress.

Digital versions of the textbook available for no cost.

A printing service that creates copies of the book as ordered.

Courses aimed at teaching research techniques to psychology students.

Content that has been trialed in earlier classes for effectiveness.

Modify material in real-time to better suit students' needs.

Support from the author for the book's use in specific courses.

Input gained from students about the effectiveness of the textbook.

A foundational course covering basic statistical concepts, targeted at psychology students.

Statistical methods that summarize and describe data characteristics, such as mean and variance.

A method used to determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.

Statistical methods based on Bayes' theorem, focusing on updating probabilities as new evidence arrives.

Comprehensive R Archive Network; a repository for R packages and tools for statistical analysis.

The mistake of rejecting a true null hypothesis; a false positive.

The mistake of failing to reject a false null hypothesis; a false negative.

Data showing the number of applicants and their admission rates for departments.

Most departments admitted a higher percentage of females compared to males.

The total rate of admission for all departments combined, often affecting gender statistics.

Ordering of departments based on admission percentages for applicants.

Different departments have varying percentages of qualified applicants admitted.

A situation where trends appear inconsistent when observed through different groups.

Males and females applied to different departments affecting overall admission statistics.

Some departments are easier to get into compared to others, affecting admission rates.

Statistics are essential for social science research validity.

Understanding statistics is crucial for designing effective psychological studies.

Psychological researchers must comprehend statistical analyses reported in studies to understand findings.

Relying on others for statistics can be costly and inefficient for researchers.

Basic statistical knowledge is necessary for every psychological researcher, but full training is not required.

Statistical analysis can be expensive due to a shortage of statisticians.

Social sciences face more complex variables compared to natural sciences, necessitating statistical methods.

Statistics are necessary for interpreting data correctly and making informed conclusions in psychological research.

The maximum age a human might reach, estimated at 150 years.

Biological gender determined by the type of sex chromosomes (XX or XY).

A condition in males with an extra X chromosome (XXY) affecting their gender characteristics.

How an individual perceives and expresses their own gender identity, which may differ from their biological sex.

The method of quantifying age, which can vary from years to months or days.

A field of study focusing on psychological changes throughout an individual's lifespan, often using varied age measurements.

The commonly accepted point of reference for determining age is the moment of birth.

A more nuanced understanding of age that may consider factors like prematurity or late birth.