10 Questions
What is the purpose of Descriptive Statistics?
To summarize and describe the basic features of a dataset
What is the measure of central tendency that is the middle value of a dataset when arranged in order?
Median
What is the purpose of a Histogram?
To display the distribution of a single variable
What is the probability of an event?
A number between 0 and 1 that represents the likelihood of an event occurring
What is a Null Hypothesis?
A statement of no effect or no difference
What is the difference between Correlation and Causation?
Correlation is a statistical relationship, while Causation is a cause-and-effect relationship
What is the purpose of a Scatter Plot?
To display the relationship between two variables
What is the measure of variability that is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset?
Range
What is a Spurious Correlation?
A correlation between two variables caused by a third variable
What is the purpose of Inferential Statistics?
To make inferences about a larger population based on a sample
Study Notes
Types of Statistics
- Descriptive Statistics: summarizes and describes the basic features of a dataset
- Inferential Statistics: uses sample data to make inferences about a larger population
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean: average value of a dataset
- Median: middle value of a dataset when arranged in order
- Mode: most frequently occurring value in a dataset
Measures of Variability
- Range: difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset
- Variance: average of the squared differences from the mean
- Standard Deviation: square root of the variance
Data Visualization
- Histograms: displays the distribution of a single variable
- Scatter Plots: displays the relationship between two variables
- Bar Charts: compares categorical data across different groups
Probability
- Experiment: an action or situation that can produce a set of outcomes
- Sample Space: set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
- Event: a set of one or more outcomes of an experiment
- Probability: a number between 0 and 1 that represents the likelihood of an event occurring
Hypothesis Testing
- Null Hypothesis: a statement of no effect or no difference
- Alternative Hypothesis: a statement of an effect or difference
- Test Statistic: a value used to determine the significance of the results
- P-Value: the probability of obtaining the observed results by chance
Correlation and Causation
- Correlation: a statistical relationship between two variables
- Causation: a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables
- Spurious Correlation: a correlation between two variables that is caused by a third variable
Types of Statistics
- Descriptive statistics summarizes and describes the basic features of a dataset
- Inferential statistics uses sample data to make inferences about a larger population
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean is the average value of a dataset
- Median is the middle value of a dataset when arranged in order
- Mode is the most frequently occurring value in a dataset
Measures of Variability
- Range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset
- Variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean
- Standard Deviation is the square root of the variance
Data Visualization
- Histograms display the distribution of a single variable
- Scatter Plots display the relationship between two variables
- Bar Charts compare categorical data across different groups
Probability
- An experiment is an action or situation that can produce a set of outcomes
- Sample Space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
- An event is a set of one or more outcomes of an experiment
- Probability is a number between 0 and 1 that represents the likelihood of an event occurring
Hypothesis Testing
- Null Hypothesis is a statement of no effect or no difference
- Alternative Hypothesis is a statement of an effect or difference
- Test Statistic is a value used to determine the significance of the results
- P-Value is the probability of obtaining the observed results by chance
Correlation and Causation
- Correlation is a statistical relationship between two variables
- Causation is a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables
- Spurious Correlation is a correlation between two variables that is caused by a third variable
This quiz covers the fundamentals of statistics, including types of statistics, measures of central tendency, and measures of variability.
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