Statistics and Data Analysis

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of step 6 in the given process?

  • To determine the relative frequency
  • To obtain the classmark
  • To complete the frequency column
  • To determine the true class boundaries (correct)

How is the class mark (CM) of the lowest class calculated?

  • By adding c to the preceding LTCB
  • By averaging the upper and lower class boundaries (correct)
  • By multiplying the upper and lower class boundaries
  • By subtracting the upper class boundary from the lower class boundary

What is the relative frequency of the class 30-34?

  • 10%
  • 29.2% (correct)
  • 5.8%
  • 17.5%

What is the purpose of step 8 in the given process?

<p>To compute the class mark (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the succeeding true class boundaries obtained?

<p>By adding c to the preceding LTCB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the class mark of the class 35-39?

<p>37 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the class 25-29?

<p>21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many classes are present in the frequency distribution table?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of statistics?

<p>To describe and draw inferences about the numerical properties of a population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for factual information or observations that may be quantitative or qualitative?

<p>Data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of data presentation?

<p>To give the readers a quick picture of the data distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is descriptive statistics concerned with?

<p>Organizing, summarizing, presenting, and interpreting data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for numerical quantities derived from data?

<p>Statistics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of data analysis?

<p>To draw valid conclusions and make reasonable decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of using sample data to make predictions?

<p>A political analyst using sample data to predict the political preferences of the entire voting population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting data?

<p>To gather information through various methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of observations in the frequency distribution table?

<p>120 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the class mark of the class 20-24?

<p>22 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative cumulative frequency of the class 45-49?

<p>100% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cumulative frequency of the class 35-39?

<p>97 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the class 40-44?

<p>14 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>To summarize and organize data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the class boundary of the class 25-29?

<p>24.5-29.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the range (R) calculated in the construction of a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>R = MAX - MIN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative frequency of the class 30-34?

<p>33.3% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal number of classes in a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>An odd number between 5-15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of observations in the class 20-24?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the number of classes (k) in a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>k = √N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the class interval (c) calculated in a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>c = R / k (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rounding off the class interval (c) in a Frequency Distribution Table?

<p>To match the precision of the raw data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the 2000 and 2005 population projections in the Philippines according to Table 2.0?

<p>8,314,500 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the population projection data in Table 2.0?

<p>National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for the i^th^ observation?

<p>x_i (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of the observations x_1, x_2, ..., x_N expressed as?

<p>Σx_i = x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = 1)^N cx_i, where c is a constant?

<p>c(x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_N) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = m)^N c, where c is a constant?

<p>c(N - m + 1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = 1)^N (ax_i ± by_i), where a and b are constants?

<p>aΣ(i = 1)^N x_i + bΣ(i = 1)^N y_i (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of (Σ(i = 1)^4 x_i)(Σ(i = 1)^4 y_i)?

<p>(x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4)(y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = 1)^4 x_i^2y_i^2, given the values of x_i and y_i?

<p>x_1^2y_1^2 + x_2^2y_2^2 + x_3^2y_3^2 + x_4^2y_4^2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = 2)^4 (x_i - y_i)^2, given the values of x_i and y_i?

<p>(x_2 - y_2)^2 + (x_3 - y_3)^2 + (x_4 - y_4)^2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Σ(i = 1)^4 (x_i^2 - y_i^2), given the values of x_i and y_i?

<p>(x_1 - y_1)(x_1 + y_1) + (x_2 - y_2)(x_2 + y_2) + (x_3 - y_3)(x_3 + y_3) + (x_4 - y_4)(x_4 + y_4) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of Σ(i = 1)^4 (x_i^2 - y_i^2), given the values of x_i and y_i?

<p>92 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Frequency Distribution Table (FDT)

  • A statistical table used to summarize and organize data
  • Has several columns: Class, Tally, Frequency (f), True Class Boundary (TCB), Relative Frequency (RF%), and Class Mark (CM)

Steps to Construct an FDT

  • Determine the range (R) of the data
  • Determine the number of classes (k) using the rule of thumb or a formula
  • Compute the class interval (c)
  • Construct the classes with lower and upper class limits
  • Summation notation is used to give a concise expression for a sum of values of a variable

Statistics

  • Concerned with scientific methods of collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
  • Branches: Descriptive Statistics (summarizing and presenting data) and Inferential Statistics (drawing conclusions and making decisions)

Descriptive Statistics

  • Focuses on organizing, summarizing, and presenting data
  • Uses measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variability (range, variance, standard deviation)

Summation Notation

  • Used to express the sum of values of a variable
  • Example: ∑xi = x1 + x2 + … + xN

Frequency Distribution Table Applications

  • Cumulative frequencies (CF) and relative cumulative frequencies (RCF) can be computed
  • Applications in business, economics, social sciences, and engineering

Example: Frequency Distribution Table of Stock Prices

  • Class: intervals of stock prices (e.g., 15-19, 20-24, etc.)
  • Frequency (f): number of observations in each class
  • True Class Boundary (TCB): lower and upper limits of each class
  • Relative Frequency (RF%): proportion of observations in each class
  • Class Mark (CM): midpoint of each class interval

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