Statistics Applied in Advertising 1st Semester 2023 - 2024: Inferential Inference, Confidence Level, Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing

• The purpose of the null hypothesis (H0) is to provide a hypothesis that is tested against an alternative hypothesis, and is typically a statement of no difference or no effect.

Types of Tests

• Dependent t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA are used to compare means.

Sampling

• Independent sampling occurs when two or more groups are randomly selected from different populations or at different times.

Dependent Sample T-Test

• The dependent sample t-test compares the means of two related groups, such as a group of people before and after a treatment.

Purpose of Hypothesis Testing

• The purpose of hypothesis testing in inferential statistics is to make inferences about a population based on a sample of data, usually to determine whether a hypothesis is true or false.

• The primary purpose of hypothesis testing is to determine whether the results of a study are due to chance or if they reflect a real pattern or relationship.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

• The Null Hypothesis (H0) is used in hypothesis testing to provide a hypothesis that is tested against an alternative hypothesis, and is typically a statement of no difference or no effect.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

• The Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) signifies that there is a difference or effect, and is often the hypothesis that the researcher hopes to prove.

Probability Technique

• The probability technique is most applicable in hypothesis testing when the sample size is small, and the probability of obtaining the observed results by chance needs to be calculated.

Confidence Level

• The primary purpose of Confidence Level values in statistics is to provide a measure of the probability that the interval contains the true population parameter, with a higher confidence level providing a wider interval.