Statistics and Sampling Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary disadvantage of convenience sampling?

  • It is usually less expensive than other methods.
  • It may have low generalizability due to selection bias. (correct)
  • It requires a complex selection process.
  • It provides faster results than stratified sampling.

    • Which of the following statements correctly describes interaction effects?

  • They are represented by parallel lines in a graph.
  • They suggest one variable influences the relationship of another variable. (correct)
  • They occur when two variables affect the outcome independently.
  • They indicate a causal relationship without any mediating variables.

    • What does effect size measure?

  • The duration of an experiment.
  • The strength of a relationship between variables. (correct)
  • The statistical significance of a hypothesis test.
  • The variability within a measurement sample.

    • What characterizes the main effect of a teaching environment in a graph?

    <p>Parallel lines showing independent effects of teaching methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a mediator in research?

    <p>To explain how or why an effect occurs between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parametric Statistical Tests

    • Used for quantitative data
    • Requires assumptions about data distribution

    Stratified Sampling

    • Population divided by characteristics before sampling
    • Random selection within each strata

    Convenience Sampling

    • Selecting participants based on accessibility (e.g., proximity)
    • Advantages: quick, inexpensive, uncomplicated
    • Disadvantages: Low generalizability due to potential selection bias

    Comparing Teaching Environment vs. Motivational Level

    • Main Effect of Teaching Environment: Shown on the right side of the graph
    • Main Effect of Motivational Level: Shown on the left side of the graph
    • Graph Details: Y-axis represents test scores, red lines represent high motivation, blue lines represent low motivation, and the x-axis shows teaching environment type (1 = Traditional, 2 = Interactive)
    • No Main Effect: Parallel lines (red and blue) on the graph indicate no main effect

    Effect Size

    • Quantitative measure of the impact of an experiment
    • Larger effect size = stronger relationship

    Importance of Effect Size

    • Helps understand the strength of relationships and differences between variables

    Mediator

    • Variable influenced by the independent variable
    • Influences the dependent variable
    • Explains "how" or "why" an effect occurs

    Interaction Effects

    • One variable's influence depends on the level of another variable
    • Graph Representation: Non-parallel lines (crossing or diverging)
    • Demonstrates a changing relationship between variables

    Main Effects

    • Independent effect of each variable on the dependent variable
    • Graph Representation: Parallel lines
    • Shows each variable's influence independent of the other.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in statistics, including parametric tests, stratified and convenience sampling methods. Understand how teaching environments and motivational levels impact student performance through graphical analysis. Additionally, learn about measuring effect size in statistical research.

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