Statistics and Physical Science Concepts

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does a negative correlation value indicate?

The correlation is inverted (correct)

The correlation is strong

The variables are positively related

There is no correlation between the variables

How is the coefficient of variation calculated?

Mean divided by the population standard deviation

Population mean divided by 100 times the standard deviation

100 times the population standard deviation divided by the mean (correct)

Standard deviation divided by the population mean

What is the primary use of a t-test?

To analyze variance among multiple groups

To determine the correlation between two variables

To measure the difference between two categorical variables

To test the hypothesis that the mean score does not differ from the expected mean (correct)

Which of the following describes the z-test?

Measures the distance of a value from the mean Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Chi-Square test?

To test for associations between two categorical variables Signup and view all the answers

When is a t-test typically used?

When the sample size is 30 or less and standard deviation is unknown Signup and view all the answers

What does a Chi-Square statistic of 0.01 indicate?

A statistically significant result with 1% probability of error Signup and view all the answers

What defines a random sample from a population?

Each item has an equal probability of being selected. Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves grouping items by characteristics and then selecting randomly from these groups?

Stratified sampling Signup and view all the answers

In a systematic sample, items are selected based on what?

Factors such as time or location Signup and view all the answers

What is tensile stress primarily associated with?

Pulling or stretching material apart Signup and view all the answers

What does shear stress describe?

Sliding of layers in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of a substance defined as?

The temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

How is an exothermic reaction characterized?

It releases heat and gives net energy to its surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

What condition defines a substance as cryogenic?

A liquid with a boiling point below -150°C. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes vapor pressure?

The pressure of a volatile liquid at equilibrium conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of mist particles?

40 - 400 microns Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'A' weighting network on a sound level meter?

To simulate the human ear's response to low sound levels at 40 phons Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the gaseous form of substances normally solid or liquid at normal temperature and pressure?

Vapor Signup and view all the answers

What primarily composes smoke?

Small gas-borne particles from combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule of thumb for combining decibel readings that differ by 3 dB?

Add 2 to the higher dB level Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of noise measuring equipment is primarily worn by workers?

Noise Dosimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is smog a combination of?

Smoke and fog Signup and view all the answers

What are dust particles primarily described as?

Solid particles larger than colloidal Signup and view all the answers

How is the error of measurement calculated?

% error = (EV - TV)/TV Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the frequency range that sound measuring equipment typically covers?

It corresponds to the frequency sensitivity of the human ear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for visible aerosols containing liquid particles formed by condensation?

Fog Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes gas?

A substance above its critical temperature Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles primarily comprise aerosols causing atmospheric contamination as seen in smog?

A mixture of natural and man-made particles Signup and view all the answers

What is inhalation in the context of contaminant exposure?

The route of entry of contaminants through respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication when discussing vapor?

Gaseous phase of a substance below its critical temperature Signup and view all the answers

What determines the relative health hazard of an occupational contaminant?

Duration of exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a virus?

A sub-microscopic infectious agent Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the inner ear is responsible for converting mechanical energy to electrical impulses?

Organ of Corti Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of skin is known as the outer layer?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in the body?

To respond to foreign substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of anthropology?

The study of human origins and culture Signup and view all the answers

What does the cochlear nerve do?

Transmits signals from the cochlea to the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganism can exist as independent organisms or as parasites?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Where is the subcutaneous layer located in relation to the skin?

Under the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the tympanic membrane commonly known as?

Eardrum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Advanced Science and Math Study Notes

Sound experiments in safety research aim to eliminate confounding effects, which are unexpected variables.
A Total Case Incident Rate (TCIR) calculation uses the numerator (# cases) x 200,000 / total work hours.
Considering skin absorption, physico-chemical properties of substances determine absorption rate.
A key characteristic of an organic chemical is that it contains carbon.
The mode is the value in a data set that occurs most frequently.
The geometric mean is the square root of the product of all data points.
The Poisson distribution models the probability of an event occurring a certain number of times, or not at all, in a specified time period.
Standard deviation measures the average distance of observations from the mean, a measure of data variation.
Regression equations predict relationships between two variables.
Correlation coefficients measure the extent to which two variables are associated, from -1 to +1.
The coefficient of variation is 100 times the standard deviation divided by the mean.
A t-test is used to evaluate if the mean score from a group differs from the expected mean, only applicable with normal distributions.
A z-test is a statistical test used to determine if there's a difference between two population parameters, when the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is 30 or fewer.
The chi-square test determines the association between two categorical variables or if two frequencies/proportions are equal.
The least-squares method determines the estimated regression equation using sample data.
Conditional probability is the probability of an event given another event has already occurred.
Nonparametric statistics are tests not based on population parameters involving ordinal or nominal data.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to compare the means of three or more groups.
Inferential statistics predict the probability of events in a population.
An F-statistic is computed during ANOVA. Chi-Square tests use the Chi-Square distribution.
Descriptive statistics summarize population data.
Accident statistics measure performance, detect trouble spots, and fulfil OSHA record-keeping requirements.
Safety sampling is a technique using statistics to measure the effectiveness of a line manager's safety activities.
Type I error (alpha) is rejecting a true null hypothesis.
Type II error (beta) is accepting a false null hypothesis.
Anthropometry is the scientific study of human body measurements and proportions.
Kinesiology studies human movement.
Physiology studies body function.
A histogram is a graph representing the frequency distribution of data.
Pictograms are pictorial symbols representing objects or concepts.
Confidence intervals are statistical ranges with a given probability that takes random errors into account.
Bronchioles are airways in the lungs leading to alveoli.
Pleura are membranes surrounding the lungs.
Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs allowing oxygen passage.
Pareto analysis identifies the crucial contributors to quality problems (80/20 rule).
Probability is the ratio of ways an event can occur to the total ways it can occur.
Mutually exclusive events cannot occur simultaneously.
Independent events do not affect each other's outcomes.
Dependent events are related via the previously occurred event.
Multiplication rules are used for independent events.
The additional rule of probability sums probabilities for mutually exclusive events.
In any study using statistics, numerical data sets are the focus.
A random sample has an equal probability of an element being picked.
Cluster samples consider similar characteristics in groups.
Stratified samples consider similar characteristic groupings within the larger population.
A systematic sample randomly selects from the entire population
Tensile stress is pulling a material apart.
Shear stress is sliding material against itself.
Compression stress is squeezing or compressing material.
Torque stress twists material.
Vapor pressure is when the rate of molecules escaping equals their rate of return at equilibrium conditions.
Boiling point is when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
Cryogenic temperatures cause chemicals to not stay in their containers.
Exothermic reactions release heat.
Elements arranged by increasing atomic numbers repeat physical and chemical properties.
A chelating agent forms multiple bonds with metal ions.
A buffer substance reduces changes in hydrogen ion concentration.
A mole of nitrogen gas weighs 28 grams, contains 6.024 x 10^23 molecules, and has a specific volume.
pH scale measures acidity/alkalinity on a scale of 0-14.
Ideal gas law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a substance in a gas.
The combined gas law is the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a specific amount of gas.
Stoke's law explains the settling velocity of particles.
Newton's law describes the relationship of volume and pressure.
Charles' law describes the relationship of volume and temperature.
Fick's law describes diffusion, weight, and coefficients.
Henry's law describes gas solubility in water.
Beer's law describes light absorption relation to concentration.
Boyle's law describes the relationship between pressure and volume at a constant temperature.
A safety factor is the relationship between the ultimate breaking strength and allowable safe working load.
A given safety factor, tensile strength, and rope diameter can be used to solve for the safe working load.
TWA (time-weighted average) is a calculation used in occupational health.
Fibers are small particles with a length to width ratio of 3:1.
Fumes are condensed metal oxides.
Aerosols are liquid or solid particles dispersed in air.
A mist is a disperse liquid in air.
Vapor is a gaseous substance that is typically solid or liquid at standard temperatures and pressures.
Gas is a substance in a gaseous state.
Smoke is the result of incomplete combustion.
Fog is a term loosely used for visible aerosols where the dispersed phase is liquid.
Smog is a term that combines smoke and fog for atmospheric contamination.
Dust is solid particles capable of suspending in the air.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on statistics and physical science concepts with this quiz. Covering topics such as correlation, t-tests, Chi-Square tests, and properties of various substances, you'll enhance your understanding of these fundamental principles. Perfect for students studying statistics or physical sciences.