Questions and Answers
What is a probability experiment?
A process in which the result is random in nature, such as flipping a coin or tossing dice.
What is an outcome in a probability experiment?
An individual result from a probability experiment.
What is meant by the sample space in probability?
The set of all possible outcomes for a given probability experiment.
Define an event in the context of probability.
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What is a tree diagram?
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What is subjective probability?
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What is empirical (or experimental) probability?
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What is the empirical (or experimental) probability formula?
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What is the rounding rule when calculating probability?
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What does the Law of Large Numbers state?
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What is classical probability?
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What is the classical probability formula?
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Study Notes
Probability Concepts
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Probability Experiment (Trial): A process yielding random results, examples include flipping a coin, rolling dice, and drawing raffle tickets.
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Outcome: The individual result derived from a probability experiment, such as heads or tails from a coin flip.
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Sample Space: The complete set of all possible outcomes for a given probability experiment.
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Event: A subset of outcomes from the sample space, which can also represent the entire sample space.
Visual and Calculation Tools
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Tree Diagram: A visual representation that systematically organizes the outcomes of a probability experiment.
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Subjective Probability: An educated estimate regarding the likelihood of an event occurring, influenced by the estimator's expertise.
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Empirical (Experimental) Probability: Determined by conducting an experiment; calculated by dividing the frequency an event occurs by the total trials performed.
Probability Formulas
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Empirical Probability Formula: P(E) = f/n, where P(E) is the probability of event E, f is the frequency of event E, and n is the total number of trials.
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Rounding Rule for Probability: Probabilities can be expressed as exact fractions or decimals rounded to four decimal places. Very small probabilities may be rounded to the first nonzero digit.
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Law of Large Numbers: As the number of trials increases, the experimental probability approaches the true probability.
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Classical Probability (Theoretical Probability): The most precise form of probability, based on all possible outcomes, computed for equally likely outcomes.
Classical Probability Formula
- Classical Probability Formula: P(E) = n(E)/n(S), where P(E) is the probability of event E, n(E) is the number of outcomes in event E, and n(S) is the total number of outcomes in the sample space.
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Description
Test your knowledge of fundamental concepts in probability with these flashcards. Explore terms like probability experiment, outcome, and sample space to solidify your understanding of randomness in experiments. Perfect for beginners in statistics or those reviewing for exams.