Statistical Significance and Post-Hoc Tests
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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of applying a stricter criterion to accept an effect as significant in hypothesis testing?

  • Increased statistical power
  • Increased Type II error
  • Reduced Type I error
  • Reduced statistical power (correct)

What is the purpose of using the Bonferroni corrected t-test in multiple comparisons?

  • To adjust for unequal sample sizes
  • To decrease the alpha level (correct)
  • To increase the alpha level
  • To test for homogeneity of variance

Which post-hoc test is considered a good choice when sample sizes are near equal?

  • ANOVA
  • Bonferroni
  • Tukey HSD (correct)
  • Games-Howell

What is a consideration when choosing a post-hoc test?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using multiple comparison tests like Tukey HSD and Bonferroni?

<p>To reduce the Type I error rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is presented in a post-hoc table generated by JASP?

<p>Pair-wise comparisons with mean differences, standard errors, t-tests, and p-values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main advantage of using SEM error bars over standard deviation in plotting error bars?

<p>It aids in inferential statistics, specifically in determining significant differences between means (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred if the SEM error bars of two groups do not overlap?

<p>We cannot be sure if the means are significantly different (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would performing multiple t-tests be an inappropriate approach in comparing the means of three groups?

<p>It would increase the risk of type I errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative to SEM error bars offered by JASP?

<p>Confidence interval error bars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a third group, 'Decaf drink', in the experiment?

<p>To answer the question of whether the effect is due to caffeine, coffee smell, or expectation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using ANOVA over multiple t-tests in comparing the means of three groups?

<p>It controls the family-wise error rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using ANOVA instead of multiple t-tests?

<p>ANOVA circumvents the problem of accumulating α levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ANOVA analysis with two independent variables, what is the maximum number of levels each variable can have?

<p>There is no restriction on the number of levels, but it depends on the research question (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study with two independent variables, what is the advantage of using ANOVA?

<p>It is used to analyse experiments with more than one independent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of performing multiple t-tests instead of using ANOVA?

<p>The probability of Type I error accumulates with each additional test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of ANOVA in terms of interpreting results?

<p>ANOVA cannot tell us which specific groups differ statistically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ANOVA, what are the sources of variability among participants?

<p>Extraneous variables and individual differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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