Statistical Methods for Dichotomous Variables

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Questions and Answers

Which type of test measures a person's observable activity?

Covert behavior test

Ability test

Overt behavior test (correct)

Achievement test

What is the purpose of a speed test?

To measure a person's potential for learning

To measure a person's previous learning

To test what a person can achieve when making maximum effort (correct)

To measure a person's observable activity

Which type of test measures a person's potential for learning or acquiring skills?

Achievement test

Covert behavior test

Ability test

Aptitude test (correct)

Which term refers to a test that presents a smaller number of items, but more complex as compared to speed tests?

Power Test Signup and view all the answers

Who is regarded as the Father of Comparative Psychology?

Sir Francis Galton Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of the Mental Testing Movement?

James McKeen Cattell Signup and view all the answers

What does Weber's Law state?

The just-noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Which correlation coefficient is used when both variables are dichotomous and at least one of them is a true dichotomous variable?

Phi coefficient Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient of determination (r^2) tell us?

The proportion of the total variation in scores on Y that we know as a function of information about X Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of non-association between two variables called?

Coefficient of alienation Signup and view all the answers

When is multiple regression appropriate?

When the criterion variable is continuous Signup and view all the answers

Which correlation coefficient is used when both data are ordinal?

Spearman's rho Signup and view all the answers

Which correlation coefficient is used when one datum is nominal and the other is in interval level?

Biserial correlation Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test is used on paired nominal data?

McNemar's test Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test is used to evaluate the relationship between two variables in the population using frequency data from a sample?

Chi-square test for independence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas is used to convert a raw score into a Z-score?

X = m(Z) + SD Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the regression line or the line of best fit?

Y’ = a + bX Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

To minimize the squared deviations around the regression line Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient?

t = r\ \sqrt{}\frac{N - 2},{1 - r^{2}} Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ordinal scale?

IQ scores Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale?

David Wechsler Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating IQ?

IQ = (MA/CA) x 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a nominal scale?

To name objects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a data reduction technique?

Principal components Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the Father of Classical Test Theory?

Charles Spearman Signup and view all the answers

What does Classical Test Theory assume about errors of measurement?

Errors of measurement are random Signup and view all the answers

What does the standard error of measurement tell us?

How much a score varies from the true score Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Tests

A performance test measures a person's observable activity.
A speed test measures a person's ability to perform a task quickly.
An aptitude test measures a person's potential for learning or acquiring skills.

Test Characteristics

A power test presents a smaller number of items, but more complex as compared to speed tests.

Key Figures

Romanes is regarded as the Father of Comparative Psychology.
Galton is considered the founder of the Mental Testing Movement.

Psychological Laws

Weber's Law states that the just-noticeable difference (JND) is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.

Correlation Coefficients

The phi coefficient (φ) is used when both variables are dichotomous and at least one of them is a true dichotomous variable.
The coefficient of determination (r^2) tells us the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable.
The coefficient of non-determination (1 - r^2) is the measure of non-association between two variables.
Multiple regression is appropriate when there are multiple independent variables.

Statistical Tests

The correlation coefficient (rho) is used when both data are ordinal.
The point-biserial correlation coefficient is used when one datum is nominal and the other is at the interval level.
The McNemar test is used on paired nominal data.
The chi-square test is used to evaluate the relationship between two variables in the population using frequency data from a sample.

z-Scores and Regression

The formula to convert a raw score into a Z-score is: z = (X - μ) / σ
The formula for the regression line or the line of best fit is: Y' = a + bX
The principle of least squares in regression analysis is to minimize the sum of the squared errors.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

The formula for the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient is: r = Σ[(xi - μx)(yi - μy)] / sqrt[Σ(xi - μx)^2 * Σ(yi - μy)^2]
The Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale was developed by David Wechsler.
The formula for calculating IQ is: IQ = (MA / CA) * 100, where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age.

Scales and Measurement

The purpose of a nominal scale is to categorize or classify data into distinct groups.
Factor analysis is a data reduction technique.
Lord is known as the Father of Classical Test Theory.
Classical Test Theory assumes that errors of measurement are random and independent.
The standard error of measurement (SEM) tells us the amount of error in the measurement of a person's true score.

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Description

Test your knowledge of statistical methods used with dichotomous variables. Learn about biserial correlation, point biserial correlation, and phi coefficient in this quiz.