Questions and Answers
What is the value for Cohen's d in the study?
0.58
Where does the statement 'about 0.8 sexually satisfying events' come from?
It's the difference between the 4.5 and the 3.7.
What practical significance was of primary interest to the court regarding Zicam?
The practical importance of users who risked losing their sense of smell.
Which of the following graphs is correct for a plot of Cohen's d over all four weeks?
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Which of the following graphs is correct for a plot of the p-values over all four weeks?
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If there were 1000 total cancers reported in the placebo group, what was the difference in the average number of cancers reported between the vitamin and placebo groups?
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What percentage of the 7500 that were studied in each group would actually have been needed to detect a small effect size?
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What is a reasonable interpretation of the ratio?
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What is the value of the ratio?
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Study Notes
Flibanserin Study Findings
- Variance assumed for flibanserin group is 2.3; for placebo group, 1.5.
- Sample sizes: 700 women in the flibanserin group, 678 in the placebo group.
- Difference in average sexually satisfying events: 0.8 (4.5 - 3.7).
- Cohen's d calculated at 0.58 indicates a medium effect size.
Practical Significance in Legal Context
- Supreme Court emphasized practical significance over statistical significance.
- Key concern involved users at risk of losing their sense of smell from Zicam, despite small numbers.
Cohen's d Over Time
- Graph C accurately illustrates the trend of Cohen's d over a four-week period.
P-value Analysis
- P-values plotted over four weeks represented accurately by Graph A.
- Essential for assessing statistical significance of the hypotheses.
Cancer Study Results
- 8% reduction in total cancers observed in vitamin group compared to placebo.
- With 1000 cancers in the placebo group, cancer difference estimated at 0.01.
Study Design Recommendations
- To detect small effect sizes (Cohen's d) with a 0.05 Type I error and 0.20 Type II error, 5% of the total 7500 participants would be required in each group.
Cancer Development Odds
- The ratio interpretation reflects the odds of developing cancer for the Vytorin group.
- The calculated ratio value is 1.64, indicating increased risk.
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Description
Explore key findings in statistics from various clinical studies, focusing on flibanserin, cancer reduction, and effect sizes. This quiz highlights the importance of both statistical and practical significance, including the interpretation of P-values and Cohen's d over time. Test your understanding of these concepts in a legal and medical context.
