Statistical Analysis and Wilks' Criterion Quiz

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202 Questions

Which social media platforms are owned by Facebook?

Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram

How many people currently use at least one of the Facebook-owned social media platforms?

2.7 billion

What is the specialty section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology where this article was submitted?

Human-Media Interaction

According to the text, which Facebook-owned platform has the largest outreach in terms of number of active users worldwide?

Facebook

Based on the text, which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users?

Instagram

According to the text, what is the mean age of the participants in the study?

35.53 years

Based on the text, which social media platform emerged as the most widely used application in the sample?

WhatsApp

Among the participants who reported using at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms, what percentage reported using WhatsApp alone?

24.14%

What was the mean age of the sample?

35.53

What was the standard deviation of the age in the sample?

13.53

What was the most widely used Facebook-owned platform in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which statistical test was used to assess the overall significance of effects in the study?

Wilks' criterion

What was the p-value threshold used for the pairwise comparisons between groups within each personality trait?

p < 0.05

Which personality trait showed significant differences between groups based on patterns of social media use?

Extraversion

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.175

Which of the following social media platforms is characterized by a higher prevalence of adolescent and young adult users compared to both WhatsApp and Facebook?

Instagram

Which personality trait has been consistently found to be higher among Facebook users compared to non-users?

Extraversion

Which social media platform has been found to show higher neuroticism among its users compared to non-users?

Instagram

Which of the following is a limitation of the existing studies mentioned in the text?

They did not investigate differences between groups characterized by different combinations of social media preferences

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

What was the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

The relationship was significantly reduced

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

Chi-square test

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

Which variable(s) were included as dependent variables in the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) model?

Both the five broad personality traits and the ten facets

What was the purpose of using pairwise multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni correction?

To compare age-related differences by patterns of social media use

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users in the sample?

Instagram

What was the mean age of the participants in the study?

Not mentioned in the text

Which personality trait showed significant differences between groups based on patterns of social media use?

Extraversion

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users?

Instagram

What is the mean age of the participants in the study?

35.53 years

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using Facebook and Instagram

Based on the text, which social media platform emerged as the most widely used application in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which social media platform has been found to show higher extraversion scores among its users compared to non-users?

Facebook

What is the most prevalent personality trait among Instagram users compared to non-users?

Neuroticism

Which social media platform is characterized by a higher prevalence of adolescent and young adult users compared to both WhatsApp and Facebook?

Instagram

What is the main limitation of the existing studies mentioned in the text?

They fail to investigate differences between user groups characterized by different combinations of social media preferences

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

What percentage of participants reported using both Facebook and Instagram?

12.09%

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

Which demographic variable was not included in the analyses examining between-group differences in patterns of social media use?

None of the above

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

Chi-square test

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.152

Which personality trait showed significant differences between groups based on patterns of social media use?

Neuroticism

Which social media platform has been found to show higher neuroticism among its users compared to non-users?

Instagram

Which personality trait showed significant differences between groups based on patterns of social media use?

Neuroticism

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users in the sample?

Instagram

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

Chi-square test

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp?

Participants reporting no social media use

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.175

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

What percentage of participants reported using both Facebook and Instagram?

30%

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Extraversion

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp

Among participants reporting use of at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms, what percentage reported using WhatsApp alone?

24.14%

What was the standard deviation of the age in the sample?

13.53

Which social media platform emerged as the most widely used application in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

Instagram

What is the most prevalent personality trait among users of Facebook-owned social media platforms compared to non-users?

Neuroticism

Which group of participants had higher scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants reporting use of all three platforms

According to the text, which Facebook-owned platform has the largest outreach in terms of number of active users worldwide?

Facebook

Which social media platform has been found to show higher extraversion scores among its users compared to non-users?

Facebook

What percentage of participants reported using both Facebook and Instagram?

50%

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all the Facebook-owned platforms

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

Not reported

What statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

Chi-square test

What statistical test was used to assess the overall significance of effects in the study?

MANOVA

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

0.001

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

One-way ANOVA

Which personality trait showed significant differences between groups based on patterns of social media use?

Extraversion

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.175

Based on the text, which social media platform emerged as the most widely used application in the sample?

Facebook

Which group of participants showed higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp?

Participants using both WhatsApp and Instagram

What was the effect size (η2) for the relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

0.007

Among the control variables, which one showed a large effect?

Gender

What was the p-value reported for the association between gender and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

What was the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

Reduced

Which social media platform has the highest number of current users worldwide?

Facebook

Among the Facebook-owned platforms, which one has the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users?

Instagram

Which social media platform is characterized by a more gender-balanced audience?

WhatsApp

What is the total number of individuals using at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms?

2.7 billion

According to the text, which Facebook-owned platform has the largest outreach in terms of number of active users worldwide?

Facebook

What is the mean age of the participants in the study?

Not provided in the text

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

Facebook

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Openness

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of male users compared to female users?

Facebook

What was the percentage of participants in the study who reported using all three Facebook-owned platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp)?

5%

Which personality trait showed the highest scores among non-users of any social media platform?

Conscientiousness

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.05

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

Not reported

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Extraversion

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

Not reported

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

ChiSquare test

Which statistical test was used to assess differences in Big Five traits, and their facets, according to different patterns of social media use?

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

Which group of participants showed a higher prevalence of individuals holding a university degree compared to those using all platforms?

Participants using all platforms

Which group of participants showed a lower prevalence of individuals holding an A-level/high school diploma compared to those using all platforms?

Participants using WhatsApp and Instagram

What statistical test was used to examine differences in Big Five personality traits by patterns of social media use?

MANOVA

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.175

Which social media platform showed the lowest mean age among participants?

Instagram

What was the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

Varied relationships depending on the trait

According to the text, which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

According to the text, which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

According to the text, which group of participants showed no differences on the Conscientiousness trait compared to participants reporting no platform use and all the other groups?

Participants reporting no platform use

According to the text, which group of participants showed no differences on the Conscientiousness trait compared to participants reporting both WhatsApp and Facebook, compared to the other groups?

Participants reporting only use of WhatsApp

According to the text, which control variable showed a large effect in the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)?

Gender

According to the text, what was the effect size (η2) for the relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

0.007

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users?

Instagram

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Agreeableness

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.40

Which statistical test was used to assess differences in Big Five traits, and their facets, according to different patterns of social media use?

MANOVA

Which social media platform is characterized by a higher prevalence of adolescent and young adult users compared to both WhatsApp and Facebook?

Instagram

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp?

Participants using all the platforms

What is the mean age of the participants in the study?

20-25 years

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

Facebook

Among the Facebook-owned platforms, which one has the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

What was the mean age of the participants in the study?

35.53 years

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

Among participants reporting use of at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms, what percentage reported using WhatsApp alone?

24.14%

Which of the following is a reason why it is important to study the individual characteristics of social media platform users?

To understand the impact of social media platforms on society

Which personality trait showed the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Extraversion

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which group of participants showed higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp

Which statistical test was used to assess the overall significance of effects in the study?

MANOVA

What was the p-value threshold used for the pairwise comparisons between groups within each personality trait?

p < 0.05

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in Big Five traits, and their facets, according to different patterns of social media use?

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

0.001

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Facebook

Which group of participants showed a lower prevalence of individuals holding an A-level/high school diploma compared to those using all platforms?

Participants using a combination of WhatsApp and Instagram

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

What was the mean age of the participants in the study?

Not provided in the text

Which social media platform emerged as the most widely used application in the sample?

Not provided in the text

What statistical test was used to examine differences in Big Five personality traits by patterns of social media use?

MANOVA

Among participants reporting use of at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms, what percentage reported using WhatsApp alone?

Not provided in the text

Which social media platform has the highest number of active users worldwide, according to the text?

Facebook

What is the most prevalent personality trait among users of Facebook-owned social media platforms, compared to non-users?

Extraversion

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

Which group of participants showed no differences on the Conscientiousness trait compared to participants reporting no platform use and all the other groups?

Participants reporting no platform use

What percentage of participants reported using at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms?

94.21%

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

Which group of participants showed a higher prevalence of individuals holding a university degree compared to those using all platforms?

Participants using both Facebook and Instagram

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users?

Instagram

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.53

Which group of participants had higher scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants reporting use of WhatsApp and Instagram

Which statistical test was used to assess the overall significance of effects in the study?

MANOVA

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.175

According to the text, which social media platform has been found to show higher neuroticism among its users compared to non-users?

Instagram

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

Which group of participants showed higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants reporting use of Facebook and Instagram

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

Not reported

Which demographic variable was not included in the analyses examining between-group differences in patterns of social media use?

Income

Which statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables (gender, educational level) across the groups?

Chi-square test

What was the effect size (η2) for the relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

0.152

Among participants reporting use of at least one of the Facebook-owned platforms, what percentage reported using WhatsApp alone?

50%

Which social media platform is characterized by a higher prevalence of adolescent and young adult users compared to both WhatsApp and Facebook?

Instagram

Which groups of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

Which groups of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

What was the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

No relationship

Which control variable showed a large effect in the MANOVA analysis?

Gender

What was the effect size (η2) for the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

0.007

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

What is the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.15

What percentage of participants reported using both Facebook and Instagram?

55%

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

< 0.001

Which social media platform has been found to show higher extraversion scores among its users compared to non-users?

Instagram

Which social media platform has the highest number of active users worldwide, according to the text?

Snapchat

What was the mean age of the participants in the study?

35.53 years

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

0.001

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants reporting use of both Facebook and Instagram

Which social media platform had the highest percentage of users in the sample?

WhatsApp

What was the mean age of the participants in the study?

35.53 years

Which personality trait had the highest internal consistency estimate in the final sample?

Conscientiousness

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

Not reported

Which social media platform has been found to show higher extraversion scores among its users compared to non-users?

Facebook

Which group of participants had higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only use of WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants reporting use of Facebook and Instagram

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

Among the Facebook-owned platforms, which one has the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

Instagram

What statistical test was used to examine differences in the distribution of demographic variables across the groups?

ChiSquare test

What statistical test was used to assess differences in Big Five traits, and their facets, according to different patterns of social media use?

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

What percentage of participants reported using both Facebook and Instagram?

Higher proportion of individuals holding a university degree

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of male users compared to female users in the sample?

WhatsApp

What statistical test was used to examine differences in Big Five personality scores by patterns of social media use?

MANOVA

What was the effect size (η2) for the relationship between different patterns of social media use and age?

0.175

Which group of participants showed significantly lower scores on Extraversion compared to all other remaining groups using at least one of the investigated social media platforms?

Participants reporting no social media use

What was the p-value reported for the association between gender and patterns of social media use?

p < 0.001

Which group of participants showed higher scores on Neuroticism compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using all platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram)

Which group of participants showed lower scores on Conscientiousness compared to those reporting only using WhatsApp or no platform use at all?

Participants using both WhatsApp and Instagram

What was the effect size (η2) for the age-related differences between groups?

0.007

What was the overall relationship between different patterns of social media use and personality traits when control variables were included in the MANOVA?

The overall relationship was reduced

What was the p-value reported for the association between education level and different patterns of social media use?

The p-value was not reported

Which social media platform showed the highest prevalence of female users compared to male users in the sample?

The text does not provide information about the prevalence of female users

Understanding Wilks' criterion and pairwise comparisons in statistical analysis using SPSS version 23. Learn how to assess overall significance of effects and compare group differences within personality traits.

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