Statistical Analysis and Hypothesis Testing

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Questions and Answers

Which statistical test is used to compare two sample means for continuous data?

Mann Whitney U test

Wilcoxon test

Chi square test

T test (correct)

What summarizes the strength of the association between a risk factor and a disease?

Mann Whitney U test

Odds ratio

Correlation coefficient

Relative risk (RR) (correct)

In hypothesis testing, what is Step 3 about?

Defining the hypothesis statement

Setting the p-value level (correct)

Selecting the appropriate statistical test

Identifying potential confounders

Which test is the non-parametric equivalent to the independent sample t test?

Mann Whitney U test Signup and view all the answers

What is used to investigate the bivariate associations with continuous variables?

Scatterplot Signup and view all the answers

What type of error is related to rejecting a true null hypothesis?

Type 1 error Signup and view all the answers

What does SPSS do when calculating the 5% trimmed mean?

It removes the top and bottom 5% of cases and calculates a new mean value Signup and view all the answers

How is normality tested in the output from Descriptive?

Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, where a significant result (sig value > 0.05) indicates normality Signup and view all the answers

What does the boxplot provided in the output show?

The distribution's median, interquartile range, and outliers Signup and view all the answers

How does the choice of inferential statistical test depend on the distribution of the data?

It depends on whether the data is normally distributed or skewed Signup and view all the answers

What type of test would be used to compare the BMI between two groups at baseline?

Independent samples t-test Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance level typically set at for parametric tests?

0.05 Signup and view all the answers

If the authors wanted to compare BMI between two groups at baseline using non-parametric tests, which test should they have used?

Mann-Whitney test Signup and view all the answers

What does the Levene's test for Equality of Variances assess in the context of the independent samples t-test?

Equality of variances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Comparing Sample Means

The independent sample t-test is used to compare two sample means for continuous data.

Risk Factor and Disease Association

The odds ratio summarizes the strength of the association between a risk factor and a disease.

Hypothesis Testing

Step 3 in hypothesis testing involves specifying the null and alternative hypotheses.

Non-Parametric Tests

The Mann-Whitney U test is the non-parametric equivalent to the independent sample t-test.

Bivariate Associations

Scatter plots are used to investigate the bivariate associations with continuous variables.

Errors in Hypothesis Testing

Type I error is related to rejecting a true null hypothesis.

Calculating Trimmed Mean in SPSS

When calculating the 5% trimmed mean in SPSS, it removes 5% of the lowest and 5% of the highest values from the dataset.

Normality Testing

Normality is tested in the output from Descriptive using the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Box Plot Interpretation

The boxplot provided in the output shows the distribution of the data, including outliers and skewness.

Choosing Statistical Tests

The choice of inferential statistical test depends on the distribution of the data, with parametric tests used for normal data and non-parametric tests used for non-normal data.

Comparing Group Means

The independent sample t-test would be used to compare the BMI between two groups at baseline.

Significance Level

The significance level is typically set at 0.05 (5%) for parametric tests.

Non-Parametric Tests for Group Comparison

If the authors wanted to compare BMI between two groups at baseline using non-parametric tests, they should have used the Mann-Whitney U test.

Levene's Test

Levene's test for Equality of Variances assesses whether the variances of the two groups are equal, which is an assumption of the independent samples t-test.

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Description

This quiz covers topics such as boxplots analysis, interpreting falls efficacy data, summarizing continuous data, converting findings into text, and preparing for inferential statistical analysis with a focus on hypothesis testing.