Static Routing Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of static routing?

Known data path

Uses less bandwidth

Better security

Automatically learns routes (correct)

Static routes use more CPU cycles than dynamic routing protocols.

False

Name one disadvantage of static routing.

Requires manual configuration

Static routes are entered into the route table ___.

manually Signup and view all the answers

Which type of static route provides a backup connection?

Floating static route Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of static routes with their purposes:

Static route = Manually enters routes Default route = Sends traffic for unknown destinations Summary route = Reduces routing table updates Floating static route = Provides backup connectivity Signup and view all the answers

Static routes are advertised over the network.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a default static route?

To route traffic for destinations that are not listed in the routing table. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of static routing?

Scales well with growing networks Signup and view all the answers

Static routing is ideal for large networks that frequently change.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a stub network?

A network accessed by a single route with no other neighbors. Signup and view all the answers

A default static route uses the destination IP address of ________ to match all packets.

0.0.0.0/0 Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use static routing?

In a small network not expected to grow significantly Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of static routes with their descriptions:

Standard Static Route = Connects to a specific network Default Static Route = Matches all packets Summary Static Route = Reduces number of routes advertised Backup Static Route = Provides an alternative route if primary fails Signup and view all the answers

An administrator is required to maintain static routing in changing networks.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one application of static routes?

To provide a Gateway of Last Resort for a stub network. Signup and view all the answers

What is the default administrative distance of static routes?

1 Signup and view all the answers

A static route is entered in the routing table even if the exit interface is not in the routing table.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a default route in a routing table?

To forward packets when there is no more specific match. Signup and view all the answers

A floating static route can be configured to back up a main link by manipulating its __________.

administrative value Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routing concepts with their descriptions:

Static Route = Entered based on next-hop IP resolution Default Route = Configured with 0.0.0.0 network address Summary Route = Combines multiple static routes Floating Static Route = Backs up a main link by adjusting distance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a static route with a multi-access interface?

To explicitly identify the next hop Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show ip route' is NOT useful for verifying static routes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is route summarization?

The process of advertising a contiguous set of addresses as a single address with a less-specific subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

A default static route is also known as a ______ route.

gateway of last resort Signup and view all the answers

Match the following commands with their purposes:

show ip route = Displays the routing table ping = Tests connectivity traceroute = Shows the path to a destination show ip route static = Displays only static routes Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a floating static route?

It has an administrative distance greater than that of another route. Signup and view all the answers

The administrative distance of a static route can be decreased to make it more desirable than another static route.

True Signup and view all the answers

What must be true about the next hop in a static route?

The next hop must be directly connected to the specified exit interface. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the preferred route is lost in a network using floating static routes?

Traffic is sent through the floating static route. Signup and view all the answers

A static route can only be configured with a next-hop IP address.

False Signup and view all the answers

What command can be used to verify the routing table for static routes?

show ip route Signup and view all the answers

On point-to-point serial links, it is usually more efficient to configure the static route with an ______.

exit interface Signup and view all the answers

Match the static routing concepts to their definitions:

Floating Static Route = Takes over when preferred route fails Next-hop IP Address = The IP address of the next router to send traffic to Exit Interface = The interface used to send out packets Traceroute = Command to follow the path of packets Signup and view all the answers

Which command would be least likely to help troubleshoot static and default route issues?

format disk Signup and view all the answers

It is not necessary to use a traceroute command to see traffic flow out the backup route after switching routes.

True Signup and view all the answers

List one common IOS troubleshooting command used for routing issues.

ping Signup and view all the answers

What is the default administrative distance of static routes?

1 Signup and view all the answers

A static route is included in the routing table if the exit interface is not in the routing table.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of static route is configured with a 0.0.0.0 network address?

default route Signup and view all the answers

A floating static route can be configured to back up a main link by adjusting its ______.

administrative distance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routing concepts with their definitions:

Static Route = A manually configured route that does not change unless altered by an administrator Default Route = A route that matches all packets when no other route is more specific Floating Static Route = A static route with an administrative distance that is greater than the primary route Summary Route = A single route that represents multiple routes Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of static routing?

Static routes provide better security. Signup and view all the answers

Static routing automatically learns remote routes using a dynamic routing protocol.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of static route provides a backup connection?

floating static route Signup and view all the answers

Static routes use less ________ than dynamic routing protocols.

bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of static routes with their purposes:

Default Static Route = Matches all packets Floating Static Route = Provides backup connection Summary Static Route = Reduces routing table size Standard Static Route = Routes to a specific destination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a purpose of a summary static route?

To reduce the number of routing table updates. Signup and view all the answers

Static routes do not consume CPU cycles for calculations.

True Signup and view all the answers

What should be true about the next hop in a static route?

It must be reachable or valid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a floating static route?

To provide a backup path in case a primary route fails Signup and view all the answers

A floating static route has a lower administrative distance than the primary route.

False Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to configure a static route in Cisco IOS?

ip route Signup and view all the answers

In a fully specified static route, both the next-hop IP address and the __________ must be specified.

exit interface Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of static routes with their characteristics:

Floating Static Route = Provides backup to a primary route Next-hop Route = Only next-hop IP address specified Directly Connected Static Route = Only router exit interface specified Fully Specified Static Route = Both next-hop IP address and exit interface specified Signup and view all the answers

Which type of static route is configured using only the router exit interface?

Directly Connected Static Route Signup and view all the answers

A next-hop route requires both an IP address and an exit interface to be configured.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the primary static route fails in a network that uses floating static routes?

The floating static route is used as a backup. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of route summarization?

To advertise a contiguous set of addresses as a single address Signup and view all the answers

A floating static route has a lower administrative distance than another static route.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the primary route is lost in a network using floating static routes?

The floating static route will take effect. Signup and view all the answers

What command can be used to verify a static route?

show ip route Signup and view all the answers

A default static route is used when the destination IP address is set to ________.

0.0.0.0 Signup and view all the answers

Floating static routes are primarily used to provide backup routes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following commands with their purpose:

show ip route = Displays the routing table ping = Tests connectivity to a host traceroute = Identifies the route taken to reach a destination show ip route static = Displays static routes in the routing table Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to verify if the routing table is utilizing the floating static route?

show ip route Signup and view all the answers

Which command is NOT useful for verifying static routes?

enable Signup and view all the answers

To test the floating static route, you should first use a ______ command to verify the current routing table.

show ip route Signup and view all the answers

In a static route, the next hop must be directly connected to the specified exit interface.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following troubleshooting commands with their purposes:

ping = Check connectivity with a specific IP address traceroute = Trace the path packets take to a destination show ip interface brief = Display the status of interfaces show cdp neighbors detail = Show details of discovered devices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about configuring static routes is true?

Static routes can use both next-hop IP addresses and exit interfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Define route summarization.

The process of advertising a contiguous set of addresses as a single address with a less-specific subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

A floating static route is ignored if the preferred route is still active.

True Signup and view all the answers

What troubleshooting command would you use to follow the traffic flow out the primary route?

traceroute Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Static Routing

Static routes are manually configured entries in a router's routing table, specifying the path for data to reach a network.
Dynamic routing protocols automatically learn and update routes based on network changes.

Static Routing Advantages

Enhanced security since routes are not advertised on the network.
Reduced bandwidth usage compared to dynamic routing protocols.
Predictable path for data transmission, as the route remains static.

Static Routing Disadvantages

Requires manual configuration and maintenance.
Error-prone configuration, especially within larger networks.
Manual intervention is necessary to adapt to changing network conditions.
Poor scalability due to increased maintenance demands with network growth.
Requires comprehensive knowledge of the entire network for efficient implementation.

When to Use Static Routing

In smaller networks where growth is limited, static routing simplifies table maintenance.
Routing to and from stub networks, which are networks accessed through a single route with no other neighbors.
Utilizing a single default route to represent any network without a more specific match in the routing table.

Types of Static Routes

Standard Static Route : A standard static route directly connects to a network.
Default Static Route : Matches all packets, offering a gateway of last resort for networks without a specific route in the table.
Summary Static Route : Reduces the number of advertised routes by summarizing several connected networks as a single route.
Floating Static Route : Creates a backup connection for a primary route, ensuring traffic can flow if the primary route fails.

Configuring Static Routes

Verify Static Route:
- show ip route: Displays all routes in the routing table.
- show ip route static: Displays only static routes in the table.
- show ip route network: Show routes for specific networks.
Default Static Route:
- Configure with 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IP address.

Route Summarization

Aggregates contiguous IP addresses into a single less-specific summary route, simplifying the routing table.

Floating Static Routes

Have a higher administrative distance than other static routes or dynamic routes, making them less favorable.
The floating static route acts as a backup when the more preferable route fails, taking over traffic flow.

Troubleshooting Static and Default Routes

Common commands for troubleshooting:
- ping: Verifies connectivity.
- traceroute: Trace the path taken by data packets.
- show ip interface brief: Displays the status of interfaces.
- show cdp neighbors detail: Provides information about connected Cisco devices.

Summary

Static routes can be configured with a next-hop IP address, enabling path determination to the next router.
The next-hop IP address needs to be resolved to an exit interface for the route to be active.
In point-to-point network connections (serial links), configuring the static route with an exit interface improves efficiency.
Static routes with a higher administrative distance take precedence over routes learned through dynamic routing protocols.
A default route (0.0.0.0/0) acts as a gateway of last resort when no other specific route exists for a destination.
Floating static routes provide a backup path if the main connection fails, ensuring traffic can be forwarded through an alternative route.

Static Routing

Static routes provide a manual way of configuring routes that do not advertise routes over the network, resulting in better security
Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic routes, as there is no need to calculate or communicate routes
The route is chosen manually so the path between devices is known
Static routing can be used when a small number of network connections exist, or when a specific route is needed

Types of Static Routes

A next-hop route only specifies the IP address of the next hop and is recursive.
A directly attached static route only specifies the exit-interface.
A fully specified static route specifies both the exit-interface and the IP address of the next hop.
A floating static route is configured with a higher administrative distance than the primary route.
Floating static routes provide a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route in the event of a link failure
The floating route is only used when the primary route is not available

Configuring Static Routes

Use the ip route command to configure IPv4 static routes
The next hop of a static route can be specified using an IP address, exit interface, or both
When a packet destined to a network with a configured next-hop IP address is received, the router may have to search for a second time to locate a match for that IP address.
Directly connected static routes are used when the destination network is directly connected to the router.
Fully specified static routes specify both the exit-interface and the next-hop IP address and are used when the exit-interface is a multi-access interface.

Default Routes

Use the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command to configure a default route.
When a default route is configured, the router will use it to forward packets if no other route is found in the routing table.

Summary Routes

Route summarization is the process of advertising a contiguous set of addresses as a single address with a shorter subnet mask.
This approach is efficient and reduces the number of routes in the routing table.
Summary routes are used to reduce the number of routing table updates.

Floating Static Routes

To configure a floating static route, the administrative distance of a static route must be increased
Floating static routes are less desirable than other static routes or routes learned through dynamic routing.
In this way, the floating route is not used until the preferred route is lost, at which point it takes over.

Troubleshooting

Use the ping and traceroute commands to troubleshoot common issues in static routing.
The show ip route command provides information about the configured routes in the routing table.
The show ip interface brief command provides information about the status of the configured interfaces.
The show cdp neighbors detail command is used to display information about the neighbors of the router.

Best Practices

To ensure effective static routing, ensure that the exit interface of each static route is reachable.
If the exit interface is not reachable, the router will not be able to forward packets according to the static route and they will be dropped.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of static routing, including its advantages and disadvantages. It explores when and why to use static routing versus dynamic routing in network configurations. Test your understanding of how static routes operate within a network environment.