Static Routes in Networking

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Questions and Answers

Match the following troubleshooting commands with their primary function:

traceroute = Verify path to destination network by determining hops show ip route = Displays the routing table and verifies route entries show ip interface brief = Displays the status of device interfaces show cdp neighbors = Displays a list of directly connected Cisco devices

Match the following routing concepts with their descriptions:

Static Route = A manually configured route to a destination Default Static Route = Used when no specific route exists in the routing table Gateway of Last Resort = Used to forward packets when no other routes match Routing Table = A database of routes to various network destinations

Match the following scenarios with the correct troubleshooting outcome:

Extended pings from R1 to PC3 fail = Indicates a potential routing issue Pings from R1 to R2 are successful = Indicates connectivity to R2 is established Pings from R1 to R3 are successful = Indicates connectivity to R3 is established R2 shows Gateway of last resort not set = Indicates misconfiguration in routing setup

Match the following components with their role in packet processing:

ARP = Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses Routing Table = Determines the best path for packet delivery MAC Address = Identifies devices on the same local network Static Route = Provides a fixed path for data packets Signup and view all the answers

Match the following layer connectivity checks with their purpose:

show ip route = To validate the routing paths in the network show cdp neighbors = To verify Layer 1 and 2 connectivity ping = To test reachability of a destination IP address traceroute = To analyze the path taken by packets to reach a destination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions in the context of packet processing with static routes:

Next-hop IP address = The address packet is sent to after routing Exit interface = The interface through which the packet leaves a device Decapsulation = Process of extracting data from the packet Encapsulation = Wrapping data in a new packet or frame Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) with their functions:

ARP request = A packet asking for the MAC address of a specific IP address ARP reply = A packet responding with the MAC address of the requested IP address ARP table = A cache of IP to MAC address mappings Layer 2 MAC address = Hardware address used for communication on the local network Signup and view all the answers

Match the following commands used in troubleshooting static and default route configurations:

ping = Verifies Layer 3 connectivity to a destination traceroute = Shows the path packets take to a destination show ip route = Displays the routing table show arp = Displays the ARP table and current mappings Signup and view all the answers

Match the routing table entries with their characteristics:

Static route = Manually configured route that does not change Dynamic route = Route learned from a routing protocol Default route = Route used when no other routes match Directly connected route = Route to a network directly attached to an interface Signup and view all the answers

Match the reasons for network failures with their descriptions:

Interface failure = Connectivity loss due to hardware issues Incorrect configuration = Connectivity issues caused by erroneous settings Oversaturated links = Performance degradation due to network congestion Service provider issues = Connectivity problems due to external provider failures Signup and view all the answers

Match the static route configuration concepts with their roles in routing:

Subnet mask = Determines which part of the IP address is the network Administrative distance = Value that determines the trustworthiness of a route Next-hop = Next device in the routing path to the destination Gateway of last resort = Default path for traffic with no specific route Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ARP operations with their outcomes:

Sending ARP request = Broadcast to discover MAC address for an IP Receiving ARP reply = Obtaining the MAC address for the requested IP Building MAC address table = Recording the MAC addresses and their corresponding IPs Clearing ARP cache = Resetting stored IP to MAC address mappings Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Static Route = A fixed pathway for packet forwarding set by an administrator Default Static Route = Used when no specific route matches a destination IP address Routing Table = A data table that stores routes and next-hop information ARP Request = A message sent to find the MAC address associated with an IP address Signup and view all the answers

Match the following packet processing steps with their descriptions:

Encapsulation = Wrapping the packet inside a new frame for transmission Packet Forwarding = Sending the packet to the identified next-hop IP address ICMP Message = A network message sent back when a packet is dropped ARP Reply = Information sent by a host containing its MAC address Signup and view all the answers

Match the following common troubleshooting commands with their functions:

ping = Checks connectivity to a host traceroute = Maps the route taken by packets to a destination show ip route = Displays the current routing table show ip interface brief = Provides a summary of interface statuses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of routes with their characteristics:

Directly Connected Route = A route to a network directly attached to a router interface Static Route Entry = Manually configured route set by an administrator Dynamic Route = Route learned and maintained by a routing protocol Default Route = Route used when no other route matches the destination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following layers of the OSI model with their functions:

Layer 2 = Data link layer that handles MAC addressing Layer 3 = Network layer that manages IP addressing and routing Layer 4 = Transport layer that oversees end-to-end communication Layer 1 = Physical layer that transmits raw bit streams Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routing operations with their outcomes:

Match with a static route = Router uses it to identify the next hop No route match = Router drops the packet and sends an ICMP message Match with directly connected interface = Searches ARP table for MAC address Route matched = Encapsulates and forwards packet out of the correct interface Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their roles in packet transmission:

MAC Address = The hardware address used to identify devices on a local network IP Address = Identifies a device on a network and aids in routing NIC (Network Interface Card) = Hardware that connects a device to a network ARP Table = Stores IP-to-MAC address mappings for local devices Signup and view all the answers

Match the following network concepts with their explanations:

Static Route Configuration = Manual setup of routing information Routing Protocols = Automatic methods to discover and manage routes Packet Encapsulation = Process of enclosing data in headers for transmission Network Layer Functions = Responsible for addressing, routing, and forwarding packets Signup and view all the answers

Match the following network devices with their primary roles:

Router = Device that forwards packets between different networks Switch = Connects devices within the same network and forwards data based on MAC addresses Hub = Basic device that transmits data to all connected devices Bridge = Connects and filters traffic between two or more network segments Signup and view all the answers

Match the following errors with their typical causes:

Packet Dropping = No matching routing table entry Unreachable Host = Network connectivity issues or misconfigured routes ARP Timeout = Expired MAC address entry in the ARP table Routing Loop = Incorrect routing configurations causing endless forwarding of packets Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Packet Processing with Static Routes

R2 identifies the next-hop IP address or exit interface to send packets towards R3 via interface S0/1/1.
R3 decapsulates the received packet, checking its routing table for a match to the destination IP address of PC3.
If a direct match is found on the G0/0/0 interface, R3 looks up the ARP table for PC3's MAC address.
If no ARP entry exists, R3 sends an ARP request through the G0/0/0 interface, with PC3 responding with its MAC address.
R3 encapsulates the packet in a frame using PC3's MAC as the destination and its own G0/0/0 MAC as the source before forwarding out of G0/0/0.

Troubleshooting IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration

Network failures may result from various issues: interface failures, service provider drops, link saturation, or configuration errors.
Network administrators must be skilled in using tools to efficiently diagnose routing problems.

Common Troubleshooting Commands

ping: Checks Layer 3 connectivity. Matches destination IP to static routes, using default routes if configured, or dropping packets if unmatched.
traceroute: Traces the route to a destination, using ICMP echo replies to identify hops.
show ip route: Displays the routing table for verifying route entries.
show ip interface brief: Shows the status and IP addresses of device interfaces.
show cdp neighbors detail: Lists directly connected Cisco devices, confirming Layer 1 and 2 connectivity.

Connectivity Problem Resolution

In a scenario where connectivity from PC1 to PC3 fails, extended pings from R1 to PC3 fail while pings to R2 and R3 succeed.
The routing table of R2 shows the key problem: no gateway of last resort set and presence of an incorrect static route.
The routing table indicates that G0/0/0 hosts 172.16.1.0/24 and other routes, which helps identify missing configurations.
Establishing a new static route resolves the connectivity issue, restoring communication from PC1 to PC3.