Router Configuration: IPv6 Packet & Static Routes

Router R1 Configuration with IPv6 Packet

• Router R1 forwards the packet out Serial0/0/0 as the IPv6 route table indicates that the destination IPv6 address 2001:db8:cafe:5::1 would use the default route s::/0

EIGRP Route Backup on Router R1

• Floating static route to create a backup route: ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 209.165.200.225 100
• Router R1 uses an EIGRP route (Administrative Distance 90) to reach the 10.10.0.0/16 network.
• A floating static route must have an administrative distance greater than 90
• The next hop address should correspond to the serial interface IP address of Branch1 (209.165.200.225).

Correcting a Static Route on Router R1

• To allow user traffic from the LAN to reach the Internet, change the destination network and mask to 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
• The original static route on R1 was incorrectly configured
• The correct destination network and mask is 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0.

IPv4 Default Static Route Configuration

• A correctly-configured IPv4 default static route: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/0.
• The static route ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/0 is considered a default static route will match all destination networks.

IPv6 Static Route Configuration

• The correct static route command: ipv6 route 2001:db8:12:10::/64 S0/0/1 fe80::2.

VLAN Hopping Attack Method

• Introducing a rogue switch and enabling trunking is a method to launch a VLAN hopping attack.

Cybersecurity Analyst's LAN Attack Target

• A cybersecurity analyst using the macof tool to evaluate switch configurations is targeting MAC address table overflow.
• Macof is a network attack tool mainly used to flood LAN switches with MAC addresses.

Explanation of DHCPv6 Server Configuration

• The state is not maintained by the DHCPv6 server under stateless DHCPv6 operation
• With stateless DHCPv6, indicated by the command ipv6 nd other-config-flag
• the DHCPv6 server doesn't maintain state information because client IPv6 addresses are not managed by the DHCP server
• Clients configure their IPv6 addresses by combining the prefix/prefix-length and a self-generated interface ID
• The ipv6 dhcp pool configuration doesn't need to specify the valid IPv6 address range.
• Clients use the link-local address of the router interface as the default gateway address
• The default gateway address is not necessary.

HSRP Group and ARP Table Entry

• The ARP table on Host1 needs to have the virtual IP address and the virtual MAC address for the HSRP group 1 to gain Internet connectivity
• Hosts send an ARP request to the default gateway, which is the virtual IP address
• ARP replies from the HSRP routers contain the virtual MAC address.

Frame Forwarding Decision of Layer 2 Switch

• Frame forwarding decisions are based on MAC address and port mappings in the CAM table.

Broadcast Domain Expansion in Cisco LAN Switches

• The broadcast domain expands to all switches after multiple Cisco LAN switches are interconnected.
• LAN switches do not filter broadcast frames, resulting in interconnected switches forming one large broadcast domain.

Link State to Interface and Protocol Status

• Layer 1 Problem: down/down
• Layer 2 Problem: up/down
• Disabled: administratively down
• Operational: up/up

Frame Forwarding with Empty MAC Address Table

• SW1 floods the frame on all ports on SW1, excluding the port used to enter the switch.
• When a switch powers on, the MAC address table is empty
• Switches forward based on the destination MAC address in the frame header
• If the destination MAC address is not in the switch table, the switch floods the frame out all ports except the incoming port

VLAN Storage on Switches

• These VLANs are stored in the file called vlan.dat, located in flash memory, and must be manually deleted.
• Standard range VLANs (1-1005) are stored on the switch in this file
• Erasing the startup configuration and reloading a switch does not automatically remove these VLANs

VLAN Types

• Native VLAN: Carries untagged traffic
• Management VLAN: Has an IP address and subnet mask allowing switch access via HTTP, Telnet, SSH, or SNMP
• Default VLAN: All switch ports are assigned to this VLAN after the switch's initial bootup
• Data VLANs: Configured to carry user-generated traffic

Etherchannel Technology with STP

• STP will block one of the redundant links when EtherChannel technology is used
• By default, STP is enabled on switch devices and will block redundant links to prevent loops.

Secure Configuration Option for Remote Network Access

• Configure SSH for remote access to a network device

Most Secure Wireless Encryption Method

WPA2 with AES is the most secure wireless encryption method

Network Device Features and Configuration

A wireless router includes all features described: a firewall appliance

Source and IP Addresses on Packet Arrival

• Source MAC: 00E0.FE91.7799 and Source IP: 10.1.1.10 on packet arrival
• Layer 2 addresses change at each hop as the packet is de-encapsulated and re-encapsulated
• Layer 3 addresses remain the same

Purpose command for Router HQ Configuration

• Packets with a destination network that is not 10.10.0.0/16 or 10.20.0.0/16 or a directly connected network will be forwarded to the Internet
• The command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/1/1 configures a default route.

Layer 2 Loop Elimination

• STP disables redundant paths to eliminate Layer 2 loops.

Missing VLAN 99

• The VLAN 99 hasn't yet been created.

VTP Modes for VLAN Management

• Server and transparent VTP modes allow creation, modification, and deletion of VLANs on the local switch

Steps for Moving a Cisco Switch toVTP Management Domain

• Three steps to take:
  • Configure the switch with the name of the new management domain
  • Select the correct VTP mode and version
  • Configure the switch to synchronize with other switches in the domain by resetting the VTP counters

Rapid PVST+ Link Type Determination

• Link types are determined automatically when Rapid PVST+ is implemented

STP Designated Ports on Cisco Switches

• STP designated ports: fa0/13, fa0/21, fa0/11
• Switch with the lowest MAC address becomes the root bridge with same default priority and bandwidth
• All ports would be designated ports with the switch of lowest MAC addresses

Router Handling Static Routing with Cisco Express Forwarding

• Ethernet multiaccess interfaces require fully specified static routes to avoid routing inconsistencies

Advantages of Static vs Dynamic Routes

• Using static routes: improve network security and use fewer router resources

Static Route with Next-Hop Address

• Route configured as a static route to a specific network using the next-hop: S 10.17.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.16.2.2

Spanning-Tree Portfast Configuration Effect

• Spanning-tree portfast enables portfast on a specific switch interface

IPv6 Prefix for Link-Local Addresses

• The following IPv6 prefix: FE80::/10

Characteristics of Routed Ports

• In a switched network, they are mostly configured between switches at the core and distribution layers. Not associated with any particular VLAN

Inter-VLAN Routing Issue

• The allowed VLANs on the backup link were not configured correctly, causing inaccess to network resources when a trunk link fails

EtherChannel Creation via LACP

• interface range GigabitEthernet 0/4 - 5 command bundles two physical interfaces to create etherchannel group via LACP

Multicast Destination MAC Address Action

• The switch will forward the frame out all ports except the incoming port.

Wrong Path and Unreachable LAN Routers

• Check the configuration of the exit interface on the new static route.

PAgP Channel Establishment Modes

• The three PAgP(Port Aggregation Protocol) channel establishment modes are auto, desirable, and on.

Removing Static Routes

• To remove the static route use the no ip route command

Interface Configuration as DHCPv4 Relay Agent

• If an IP helper is configured as dhcp4, the ip helper-address command was applied on the wrong interface.

Wireless Router Settings Affecting Network Security

• The SSID is broadcast and a well-known administrator password is set.

SNMP Log Messages Sent to the SNMP Server's

• Messages called traps are generated by network devices and sent to the SNMP server

VLAN Interface Tab

• The administrator should create Wlan using WLANS Tab

DHCP IPv4 Addresses on an AP

• To reduce outsiders intercepting data or accessing wireless network by using a well known address range

WLC Functions with Split MAC

Frame queuing, and packet priorities

Switch Port Enhacements for STP stability

• All Port-Fast Enabled ports

Mitigating BPDU attacks

• Rogue switches on a network

Dynamic ARP Inspection with DHCP Snooping Requirements

• It relies on the setting is the trusted and un-trusted ports set by DHCP snooping.

Router R1 Neighbor Relationship

• Change the Admin distance to 120

Metric for IPv6 Data Packet

• The result is 2682112

Remote Management Configuration

• Remote Management configurations require IP address, Default getaway, and vty line

Stateful DHCPv6 Requirements

• IPv6 nd other-config-flag

Wireless Configuration

• Configure 5Ghz band for streaming multimedia and time sensitive traffic

New ISP Checkpoints

• New ISP checks should ensure the old default state has been removed from the company edge routers.

MAC address table population elements

• The information a switch used to populated a map address table is the source Mac Address and the incoming port

Switch configuration review elements.

• A review of switch s1 requires EtherChannel for multiple physical parts in 1 logical link.

Static Router Configuration

• A floating static router

Action with Mac Address Unicast destination

• The switch forwards with the specified.

Commands for IPv4 Address

• The commands needed are -R1 config interfaces and ip helper address 10.2.0.250

Load Balancing mechanisms is for protocol/technology.

-Etherchannel

VLAN attack mitigation protocols/solutions

-DTP

DHCPv6 without Address

• Router informing via a ipv6 unicast that it has data (ipv6 unicast)

Inter VLAN review and check

• Vlan and number

Interconnecting Router and Switch for Trunks

• The three pairs of trunking is dynamic auto - dynamic auto Dynamic desirable- trunk Dynamic desirable - dynamic auto

Static Router vs Internal

• Check routing table missing a static route

Overlapping channel assignments (Wireless)

• Wireless channels is channels 1,6, and 11

WLAN Security and Credential

• A key matches the key on he AP

ARP on VLAN

ARP request is between host with broadcast

Port Fast

• The effects of entering shutdown will. Disable a unused port.

Mac over flow

• The primary reasons for attacks will be the attacker can see fames that are destined for another host

10. 37

Authorization implemented when.

• immediately after success

DHCPv6 and PC

• The router informs via a message that something is wrong,

Radius access control

to restrict Access to the local wlan with authorized autheniticaied useres.

Which of the component combines to form a bridge ID.

Bridge protory Mac Address Extended system address

VLAN's, and which tap configuration with the WPA policy

In the 3504's, click WLANS summary

Explore Router R1 configuration with IPv6 packet forwarding and EIGRP route backup. Learn how to create a floating static route and correct static route configurations for internet access. Understand IPv4 default static route configuration.