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Questions and Answers

Briefly, how did Lincoln's Reconstruction plan differ from the Radical Republicans' plan in Congress?

Lincoln's plan was more lenient towards the South, focusing on quickly readmitting states with minimal requirements, while the Radical Republicans sought stricter measures to punish the South and ensure civil rights for freedmen.

What was the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the Reconstruction era?

The main goal of the Ku Klux Klan was to maintain white supremacy and resist the progress made by African Americans during Reconstruction through violence, intimidation, and disruption.

What were the key provisions of the 14th Amendment and how did it aim to protect the rights of citizens?

The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, prohibited states from making laws that abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens, and guaranteed due process of law. It aimed to protect the rights of citizens by ensuring equal protection under the law and preventing states from infringing upon fundamental rights.

How did Johnson's Reconstruction plan differ from Lincoln's 10% plan regarding the leaders of the southern states?

<p>Johnson's Reconstruction plan required Southern leaders to personally request to be readmitted into the Union, whereas Lincoln's plan did not have this requirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the actions and beliefs of the Ku Klux Klan directly contradict the goals of the 13th and 14th Amendments?

<p>The KKK's violence and intimidation aimed to keep African Americans in a state of subjugation, contradicting the 13th Amendment's abolition of slavery and the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection and citizenship rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific assistance did the Freedmen's Bureau provide to formerly enslaved people, and why was this support crucial during Reconstruction?

<p>The Freedmen's Bureau provided housing, food, supplies, and shelter to former slaves. This support was crucial during Reconstruction because it helped them transition to freedom, address immediate needs, and establish a foundation for economic and social independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the Black Codes influenced the Radical Republicans’ approach to Reconstruction.

<p>The Black Codes, which restricted the rights of African Americans, demonstrated to the Radical Republicans that the South was unwilling to protect the rights of freedmen, leading them to advocate for stronger federal intervention and civil rights legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the exclusion of former Confederates from Congress have on the political landscape during Reconstruction?

<p>Excluding former Confederates from Congress shifted the balance of power, allowing Radical Republicans to push through legislation aimed at protecting the rights of African Americans and reshaping Southern society without significant opposition from former Confederate leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did differing interpretations of 'states' rights' contribute to conflicts between the federal government and Southern states during Reconstruction?

<p>Southern states used the concept of 'states' rights' to resist federal intervention in their affairs, particularly concerning civil rights for African Americans. This resistance led to conflicts with the federal government, which sought to enforce Reconstruction policies and protect the rights of freedmen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the goals of the Emancipation Proclamation differed from the goals of the 13th Amendment.

<p>The Emancipation Proclamation aimed to weaken the Confederacy during the Civil War by freeing slaves in rebelling states, whereas the 13th Amendment sought to abolish slavery permanently and universally throughout the entire United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the ways in which the Ku Klux Klan undermined the efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau during the Reconstruction era.

<p>The KKK used violence and intimidation to disrupt the Freedmen's Bureau's operations, targeting its agents and those it sought to assist, thus hampering the Bureau's ability to provide crucial support and protection to African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific actions did the Radical Republicans in Congress take to ensure that Southern states complied with Reconstruction policies?

<p>The Radical Republicans removed Confederate leaders from power, divided the South into military districts, and required Southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and guarantee voting rights for African American men before they could be readmitted to the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the concept of 'due process of law,' as enshrined in the 14th Amendment, aimed to protect individuals from arbitrary government actions.

<p>Due process of law ensures that the government must follow fair procedures and provide legal safeguards before depriving individuals of their life, liberty, or property, thus preventing arbitrary or unjust actions by the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Johnson's Reconstruction plan reflect his personal views on the role of the federal government and the rights of former Confederate states?

<p>Johnson's plan reflected his belief in limited federal intervention and his lenient approach to the South, which he viewed as having the right to manage its own affairs with minimal interference from the federal government, even regarding the rights of freedmen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key difference between Lincoln's view and Johnson's view on how former confederates should be treated?

<p>Lincoln believed that slaves deserved civil rights, Johnson was seen as too sympathetic of the south.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what specific ways did the 14th Amendment expand the definition of citizenship in the United States, and why was this significant for formerly enslaved people?

<p>The 14th Amendment defined citizenship as anyone born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, thus overturning previous discriminatory laws and ensuring they had the same rights and protections as other citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the desire of Radical Republicans to punish the South influenced their Reconstruction plans and policies.

<p>The Radical Republicans sought to punish the South by removing Confederate leaders from power, imposing military rule, and requiring Southern states to meet strict conditions for readmission, reflecting their desire for retribution and a fundamental transformation of Southern society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln's 10% plan aim to expedite the reintegration of Southern states into the Union, and what were its major provisions?

<p>Lincoln's 10% Plan aimed to quickly readmit Southern states if 10% of their voters pledged allegiance to the Union and drafted new constitutions. This lenient approach prioritized reconciliation and minimized punishment for the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the beliefs of the Ku Klux Klan regarding white supremacy directly contradict the principles of equality and citizenship enshrined in the 14th Amendment?

<p>The KKK believed in white supremacy and opposed the equal rights of African Americans, directly contradicting the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law and its affirmation of citizenship regardless of race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau as a key government program during the Reconstruction era, and describe 2-3 specific ways it supported African Americans.

<p>The Freedmen's Bureau was significant as a key government program that provided housing, food, supplies, shelter, and education to formerly enslaved people. It supported African Americans by helping them transition to freedom, establish economic independence, and access vital resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Emancipation Proclamation

A declaration issued by President Lincoln in 1863, freeing slaves in Confederate territories during the Civil War.

Lincoln's 10% Plan

Lincoln's plan to readmit Southern states if 10% of voters pledged allegiance to the Union. States had to draft new constitutions, and former Confederate leaders were excluded from Congress.

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

Johnson's plan required Southern leaders to personally request readmission, was seen as too sympathetic to the South, and didn't adequately protect the rights of formerly enslaved people.

Radical Republicans' Reconstruction Plan

Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South, remove Confederate leaders, and ensure full rights for former slaves. They believed the South should not be able to pass their own reconstruction plan.

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Freedmen's Bureau

Established by Congress and Lincoln to provide assistance (housing, food, etc.) to former slaves during Reconstruction.

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Ku Klux Klan

A political and social group that opposed Black freedom, believed in white supremacy, and used violence to terrorize Black Americans.

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13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

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14th Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees equal protection under the law.

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Study Notes

Static Games

  • Static games are defined as games where players make their decisions simultaneously.
  • Players make decisions knowing the possible moves of other players, but not what the other players actually chose.

Definition of a Game

  • A game comprises a set of players, a set of rules, and a description of payoffs for each player for every potential game outcome.

Strategies

  • A strategy is a comprehensive action plan, which specifies what a player will do under any circumstance they might face.
  • In static games, a strategy is simply the action that a player takes.
  • A strategy set for player $i$, denoted $S_i$, is the set of all possible strategies for player $i$.
  • $s_i$ represents a particular strategy in the strategy set $S_i$.
  • The term $s = (s_1, s_2,..., s_n)$ denotes a strategy profile, where $s_i$ is player $i$'s strategy.
  • $S = S_1 \times S_2 \times... \times S_n$ denotes the set of all strategy profiles.

Payoffs

  • From the game, each player receives a payoff dependent on the strategy profile chosen.
  • A payoff function $\Pi_i: S \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ specifies player $i$'s payoff given the strategies chosen by all players.

Example: The Prisoner's Dilemma

  • Two suspects get arrested for a crime.
  • Police lack necessary evidence for conviction without a confession from at least one suspect.
  • Suspects are isolated and offered a deal.
  • If a suspect confesses and the accomplice does not, the confessor goes free.
  • If a suspect doesn't confess but the accomplice does, the suspect gets 10 years.
  • If both confess, they each get 5 years.
  • If neither confesses, each gets 1 year.
  • Players: Suspect 1 and Suspect 2.
  • Strategy sets: {Confess, Don't Confess} for each player.
  • Payoffs: Represent years in prison as negative numbers.
Suspect 2: Confess Suspect 2: Don't Confess
Suspect 1: Confess -5, -5 0, -10
Suspect 1: Don't Confess -10, 0 -1, -1

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