States of Matter Quiz

States of Matter

• Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas.
• The arrangement of particles determines the state and properties of matter.

Solids

• Particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement.
• Particles vibrate but maintain a fixed position.
• Solids have a fixed volume and shape.
• Solids are generally not able to flow.
• Solids have high density.
• Particles have low energy; they only vibrate around a fixed point.
• Examples include wood, metal, stone, plastic.

Liquids

• Particles are closely packed but not in a regular arrangement.
• Particles can move past each other.
• Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
• Liquids are able to flow.
• Liquids have moderate density.
• Particles have moderate energy; they can move and flow but slowly.
• Examples include water, milk, bleach, acid.

Gases

• Particles are widely spaced and have no regular arrangement.
• Particles move randomly and rapidly.
• Gases have a variable volume and shape; they take the shape and fill the container they are in.
• Gases are able to flow.
• Gases have low density.
• Particles have high energy; they move rapidly and freely.
• Examples include air, oxygen, carbon dioxide.

Changes of State

• Particles gain energy when heated.
• Melting occurs when a solid changes to a liquid at its melting point.
• Boiling occurs when a liquid changes to a gas at its boiling point.
• Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas.
• The arrangement of particles changes during each state change.

Melting and Boiling Points

• Each substance has a specific melting and boiling point.
• The purity of a substance can be checked using melting and boiling points.
• Impurities in a substance cause its melting and boiling points to span a range of temperatures.

Gas Pressure

• Gas pressure is the force exerted by gas particles on the container walls.
• Pressure increases with the number of particles or the temperature.
• High pressure can be caused by a high number of particles in a small space or by a high temperature.

Dissolving

• Dissolving is the process of mixing a solute into a solvent until it is evenly mixed.
• The rate of dissolving is affected by temperature, surface area and stirring.
• Solutes dissolve faster with increased temperature, greater surface area and stirring.
• A solution is a liquid mixture containing a dissolved solute.

Diffusion

• Particles move from high concentration areas to low concentration areas.
• Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases.
• Diffusion is faster at higher temperatures.

Filtration

• Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.
• Insoluble solid is filtered out; the liquid passes through.

Distillation

• Separating a soluble solid from a solvent.
• The solvent is heated, evaporates, then condensed and collected.

Evaporation

• Separating a soluble solid from a solvent by evaporating the solvent.
• Solid remains once solvent is evaporated.

Separating Rock Salt

• Separating sand and salt from a mixture using appropriate techniques like filtration or evaporation.
• Sand is insoluble, salt is soluble.

Compounds and Mixtures

• Compounds are formed when elements chemically bond.
• Mixtures contain physically combined substances.