Questions and Answers
What is the state of matter where atoms are ionized?
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
What is the process of changing directly from a solid to a gas?
What is the state of matter where particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction?
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What is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid?
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What is an example of a solid?
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What is the process of changing from a solid to a liquid?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
Solids
- Have a fixed shape and volume
- Particles are closely packed and have a regular arrangement
- Particles vibrate in place but do not change position
- Examples: rocks, metals, ice
Liquids
- Take the shape of their container and have a fixed volume
- Particles are close together but are free to move past each other
- Particles have some freedom of motion but are still attracted to each other
- Examples: water, oil, juice
Gases
- Have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume
- Particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction
- Particles have a lot of freedom of motion and are not strongly attracted to each other
- Examples: air, helium, oxygen
Plasma
- A high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized
- Particles are broken down into ions and free electrons
- Found naturally in stars and lightning
- Examples: neon signs, plasma TVs
Change of State
- Melting: solid to liquid (e.g., ice to water)
- Freezing: liquid to solid (e.g., water to ice)
- Evaporation: liquid to gas (e.g., water to water vapor)
- Condensation: gas to liquid (e.g., water vapor to water)
- Sublimation: solid to gas (e.g., dry ice to carbon dioxide)
- Deposition: gas to solid (e.g., carbon dioxide to dry ice)
States of Matter
Solids
- Possess a fixed shape and volume due to closely packed particles with a regular arrangement
- Particles vibrate in place, but their positions remain constant
- Examples of solids include rocks, metals, and ice
Liquids
- Take the shape of their container, but retain a fixed volume
- Particles are close together, allowing them to move past each other
- Particles have some freedom of motion, but are still attracted to each other
- Examples of liquids include water, oil, and juice
Gases
- Neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, allowing them to expand and contract freely
- Particles are widely spaced, enabling them to move in any direction
- Particles have a high degree of freedom of motion and are not strongly attracted to each other
- Examples of gases include air, helium, and oxygen
Plasma
- A high-energy state of matter characterized by ionized atoms
- Consists of ions and free electrons
- Naturally found in high-temperature environments such as stars and lightning
- Examples of plasma include neon signs and plasma TVs
Change of State
Phase Transitions
- Melting: the process of a solid changing to a liquid, increasing temperature (e.g., ice to water)
- Freezing: the process of a liquid changing to a solid, decreasing temperature (e.g., water to ice)
- Evaporation: the process of a liquid changing to a gas, increasing temperature (e.g., water to water vapor)
- Condensation: the process of a gas changing to a liquid, decreasing temperature (e.g., water vapor to water)
- Sublimation: the process of a solid changing directly to a gas, increasing temperature (e.g., dry ice to carbon dioxide)
- Deposition: the process of a gas changing directly to a solid, decreasing temperature (e.g., carbon dioxide to dry ice)
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Description
Test your understanding of the characteristics and examples of solids, liquids, and gases.