States of Matter Quiz

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What is the main characteristic of particles in a solid?

They are arranged randomly.
They move randomly at high speeds.
They have large gaps between them.
They vibrate in fixed positions. (correct)

Particles in a gas have strong forces of attraction between them.

False (B)

What happens to the particles of a solid when it melts?

The particles gain speed and move around each other.

A liquid has particles that are mostly ______ with small gaps in between.

touching Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states of matter with their properties:

Solid = Particles vibrate in fixed positions Liquid = Particles are mostly touching with space in between Gas = Particles move randomly at high speed Melting = Transition from solid to liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the freezing process?

Liquid cools down (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the boiling process, particles overcome the forces of attraction between them.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the particles during the evaporation process?

Some particles at the surface gain enough energy to overcome attraction forces and break away. Signup and view all the answers

The process of converting a liquid into a solid is called ______.

freezing Signup and view all the answers

Match the phase change with its description:

Freezing = Liquid turns to solid Boiling = Liquid becomes gas Evaporation = Surface particles escape into vapor Condensation = Gas turns into liquid Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the direct change of a solid to a gas?

Sublimation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Deposition is the process where a gas changes directly into a solid.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which particles will spread out more quickly, those with a lower mass or those with a higher mass?

Lower mass particles Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) produces __________.

NH₄Cl Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states of matter with their description:

Solid = Has a fixed shape and volume Liquid = Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container Gas = Occupies the entire volume of its container Plasma = Ionized gas with free-moving charged particles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of a solute as the temperature increases?

It increases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A saturated solution contains less solute than it potentially can hold at a given temperature.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substance that dissolves in a solution?

solute Signup and view all the answers

The formula for determining the maximum mass that will dissolve is: mass of water (g) * _______ (g per 100g) = maximum mass that will dissolve (g).

solubility Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Solute = The substance that dissolves Solvent = The liquid in which the solute dissolves Solution = The end liquid formed after the process Saturated Solution = A solution containing the maximum amount of solute at a particular temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of simple distillation?

To separate a solution into its components (C) Signup and view all the answers

Fractional distillation can be used to separate liquids with similar boiling points.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

To promote the separation of liquids based on different boiling points. Signup and view all the answers

In chromatography, the value of retardation factor (Rf) is calculated using the formula Rf = $rac{}{}$

Distance spot travelled; Distance of solvent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following techniques with their applications:

Simple Distillation = Separating salt from water Fractional Distillation = Separating ethanol from water Chromatography = Separating dyes Condensation = Turning vapor back to liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of protons?

Positively charged (C) Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons?

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of an atom if it has 10 protons and 12 neutrons?

22 Signup and view all the answers

The term for the average mass of an atom is called __________.

relative atomic mass Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atomic components with their properties:

Proton = Positively charged Neutron = No charge Electron = Negatively charged Atomic Number = Number of protons in nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a compound?

It is formed from two or more elements that are chemically bonded. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Mixtures can only be separated by chemical means.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance left on the filter paper during filtration called?

residue Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a substance made up of one type of atom.

element Signup and view all the answers

Match the separation method with its description:

Filtration = Separates solid from liquid Crystallization = Forms crystals from a solution Physical separation = Separates based on physical properties Dissolution = Soluble substance mixed with liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is NOT associated with metals?

Brittle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Non-metals are good conductors of heat.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What charge do Group 1 ions carry?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

A substance that gains electrons will form a ______ ion.

negative Signup and view all the answers

Match the group of ions with their corresponding charge:

Group 1 = +1 Group 2 = +2 Group 6 = -2 Group 7 = -1 Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes noble gases?

They have a full outer shell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Metals are located on the right side of the periodic table.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Write the electronic configuration for Magnesium (Mg).

2, 8, 2 Signup and view all the answers

Group 7 elements are known as __________.

Halogens Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups to their descriptions:

Group 7 = Halogens Group 8 = Noble Gases Left side of the periodic table = Metals Right side of the periodic table = Non-Metals Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions?

Ionic Bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

An anion is a positively charged ion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

2- Signup and view all the answers

When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an __________.

ion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following polyatomic ions with their formulas:

Ammonium = NH4+ Nitrate = NO3- Hydroxide = OH- Sulfate = SO4^2- Carbonate = CO3^2- Signup and view all the answers

Solid state

Particles are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions.

Liquid state

Particles are close together but can move past each other, arranged randomly; less dense than solids.

Gas state

Particles move randomly at high speeds and are far apart; almost no attraction.

Melting

Change of a solid to a liquid when heated; particles gain enough energy to overcome attractive forces.