States of Matter: Evaporation, Freezing, Condensation
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Questions and Answers

What is evaporation?

A vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.

What are the conditions that particles in a liquid must overcome in order to evaporate?

They must overcome the attractive forces between them as well as the force of air pressure.

What is freezing?

The opposite of melting, it is the change of state from a liquid to a gas.

What happens to the particles when a liquid changes to a solid?

<p>They slow down and have less energy to overcome the attractive forces between them so they start to form an organized structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is condensation?

<p>The removal of thermal energy from a gas, resulting in the formation of a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of chemical change?

<p>Change in state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

<p>A change in matter in which the substance changes into new substances with new chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

<p>A matter that can vary in composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>Fruit salad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limiting factor?

<p>Anything that restricts the size of a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biotic potential?

<p>The potential growth of a population if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is carrying capacity?

<p>The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is overpopulation?

<p>When a population size grows so large that it causes damage to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symbiotic relationship?

<p>Relationships that occur when two organisms live in indirect contact and form a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parasitism?

<p>A symbiotic relationship that benefits one species and harms the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mutualism?

<p>A symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cooperative relationship?

<p>Relationships that can be found in many different populations across the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predator-prey relationship?

<p>One species, the predator, eats another species, the prey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecosystem?

<p>All the living and nonliving things and how they interact in a given area make up an ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community?

<p>An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things and how they interact in a given area, while a community is all the populations of different species that live together in the same area at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical reaction?

<p>A process that produces one or more substances that are different from the original substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a product in a chemical reaction?

<p>Any new substance formed during a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

<p>Substances that are present before the chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

<p>A characteristic that can be observed when the matter changes into a different type of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Change

A change in matter where the substance's identity remains the same, even though its physical properties might change.

Chemical Change

A change in matter that results in the formation of new substances with different chemical and physical properties.

Chemical Reaction

A process that involves the rearrangement of atoms and molecules, leading to the formation of new substances.

Reactants

The starting substances in a chemical reaction.

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Products

The new substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

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Chemical Property

A characteristic of a substance that describes how it behaves during a chemical change.

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Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and appear as a single substance.

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Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.

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Distillation

The process of separating components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points.

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Filtration

The process of separating solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter.

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Ecosystem

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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Biosphere

The sum of all ecosystems on Earth.

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Population

All individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time.

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Community

A group of different species living together in a particular area.

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Limiting Factor

Anything that restricts the size of a population.

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Biotic Potential

The maximum potential growth rate of a population under ideal conditions with no limiting factors.

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Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can sustainably support over time.

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Commensalism

A relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits from the relationship, while the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

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Parasitism

A relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

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Mutualism

A relationship where both interacting species benefit from the relationship.

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Biotic Factors

Living organisms, such as plants, animals, and people.

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Abiotic Factors

Nonliving parts of an environment, such as sunlight, water, soil, and rocks.

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Study Notes

Evaporation

  • Evaporation is a vaporization process occurring only at a liquid's surface.
  • Particles overcome attractive forces and air pressure to evaporate.
  • The process requires the particles to gain enough energy to overcome forces.

Freezing

  • Freezing is the change of state from liquid to solid.
  • It requires the removal of thermal energy.
  • As thermal energy is removed, particles slow down and have less energy to overcome attractive forces.
  • This leads to the formation of an organized structure (solid).

Condensation

  • Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid.
  • It involves the removal of thermal energy from a gas.
  • Slower-moving particles in the gas cannot overcome attractive forces with surrounding particles.
  • This causes them to clump together forming a liquid.

Chemical Change

  • A chemical change is a change in matter where the substance transforms into new substances with different physical properties.
  • Indicators of a chemical change include color change and odor change.

Population Size

  • Population size can increase but also decrease.
  • Example: Field mice population decreases in winter due to less food.
  • Natural disasters (floods, fires, volcanic eruptions) impact population size.
  • Certain population sizes can decrease to a point threatening the entirety of the species.

Changes of State

  • From gas to liquid: condensation
  • From solid to gas: sublimation
  • The number of particles remains the same during a change of state.
  • The mass of the matter is unchanged during a change of state.

Physical Change

  • A physical change alters one or more physical properties of a substance.
  • The substance's identity stays the same.

Examples of Physical Change

  • Breaking glass
  • Mixing candies
  • Shredding paper
  • Folding paper
  • Melting ice

Involved in Changing State

  • Transferring energy to/from a substance changes the state.
  • A form of this energy is thermal energy/heat.

Changing State of Matter

  • Melting: solid to liquid
  • Evaporation: liquid to gas
  • Freezing: liquid to solid

Mixtures

  • A mixture is matter that varies in composition.
  • Types of mixtures:
    • Heterogeneous: substances are not evenly mixed (e.g., fruit salad).
    • Homogeneous: substances are evenly mixed (e.g., tea with sugar).
  • Methods for separating mixtures:
    • Mechanical separation
    • Filtration
    • Evaporation
    • Magnetism
    • Separation funnel
    • Distillation

Ecology - Symbiosis

  • Symbiosis: a close long-term relationship between two species.
  • Types of symbiotic relationships:
    • Commensalism: one species benefits, the other is unaffected.
    • Parasitism: one species benefits, the other is harmed.
    • Mutualism: both species benefit.

Ecology - Limiting Factors

  • Limiting factors restrict population size.
  • Examples of limiting factors:
    • Water
    • Food
    • Sunlight
    • Temperature
    • Space/shelter

Ecology - Biotic Potential

  • Biotic potential: the potential growth of a population under ideal conditions (no limiting factors).

Ecology - Carrying Capacity

  • Carrying capacity is the largest number of individuals of a species an environment can support.

Overpopulation

  • Overpopulation occurs when a population size becomes so large it damages the environment.

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Description

Explore the processes of evaporation, freezing, and condensation in this quiz. Understand how these changes of state involve energy transfer and the behavior of particles. Test your knowledge on chemical changes and how substances transform in these processes.

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