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Questions and Answers
What is the correct unit for latent heat?
What is the correct unit for latent heat?
- Kilogram
- Joule per kilogram (J/kg) (correct)
- Watt
- Joule
During the heating of crushed ice at -10°C, a flat section appears on a temperature vs. time graph. What does this flat section represent?
During the heating of crushed ice at -10°C, a flat section appears on a temperature vs. time graph. What does this flat section represent?
- The period when the system has reached thermal equilibrium.
- The period when the ice is changing state from solid to liquid. (correct)
- The period when the ice is steadily increasing in temperature.
- The period when the water is steadily increasing in temperature.
Why does the temperature remain constant during a phase change, such as when ice melts into water?
Why does the temperature remain constant during a phase change, such as when ice melts into water?
- The heat supplied is immediately lost to the surroundings.
- The heat supplied is used to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules.
- The heat supplied is used to break the bonds between the molecules, changing the state. (correct)
- The heat supplied is stored as potential energy without affecting molecular motion.
Which phase changes are associated with the term 'fusion'?
Which phase changes are associated with the term 'fusion'?
The specific latent heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance changes from one phase to another. Which equation correctly represents specific latent heat (L)?
The specific latent heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance changes from one phase to another. Which equation correctly represents specific latent heat (L)?
Thermal energy is transferred from hot areas to cooler areas through which processes?
Thermal energy is transferred from hot areas to cooler areas through which processes?
In the process of conduction, how is energy primarily transferred?
In the process of conduction, how is energy primarily transferred?
Why are metals generally good conductors of heat?
Why are metals generally good conductors of heat?
Which statement accurately describes the behavior of matter during a change of state?
Which statement accurately describes the behavior of matter during a change of state?
How does the strength of intermolecular forces typically vary between solids, liquids, and gases?
How does the strength of intermolecular forces typically vary between solids, liquids, and gases?
Which of the following factors primarily determines the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) of a substance?
Which of the following factors primarily determines the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) of a substance?
A 2 kg metal block requires 10,000 J of energy to raise its temperature by 5°C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
A 2 kg metal block requires 10,000 J of energy to raise its temperature by 5°C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
A scientist measures the specific heat capacity of two unknown materials, Material A and Material B. Material A has a higher specific heat capacity than Material B. If the scientist applies the same amount of heat to equal masses of both materials, what can be expected?
A scientist measures the specific heat capacity of two unknown materials, Material A and Material B. Material A has a higher specific heat capacity than Material B. If the scientist applies the same amount of heat to equal masses of both materials, what can be expected?
Which of the following describes 'specific latent heat of fusion'?
Which of the following describes 'specific latent heat of fusion'?
5000 J of energy is required to completely melt 0.2 kg of a solid substance at its melting point. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of this substance?
5000 J of energy is required to completely melt 0.2 kg of a solid substance at its melting point. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of this substance?
Internal energy is defined as which of the following?
Internal energy is defined as which of the following?
Flashcards
States of Matter
States of Matter
Solid, liquid, and gas, each with distinct properties due to particle arrangement and forces.
State Determination
State Determination
Determined by molecule separation, intermolecular forces, and kinetic energy.
Solids
Solids
Particles are closely packed with strong intermolecular forces.
Gases
Gases
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Phase Change Temperature
Phase Change Temperature
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Internal Energy
Internal Energy
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Specific Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
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Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
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Latent Heat
Latent Heat
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Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
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Thermal Energy Transfer
Thermal Energy Transfer
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Conduction
Conduction
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Conduction Process
Conduction Process
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Convection
Convection
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Delocalized electrons
Delocalized electrons
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Radiation
Radiation
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Study Notes
Particulate Nature of Matter
- Three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases.
- Each state is characterized by different properties.
- A substance's state of matter is determined by the separation between molecules, intermolecular force, and the available kinetic energy.
- Solids feature closely packed particles and the strongest intermolecular force.
- Gases feature the weakest intermolecular force.
- Matter can transition between states.
- During a state change, temperature remains constant as energy is used for the transformation.
- Internal energy is the sum of all potential and kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
Thermal Energy Transfers (Specific Heat Capacity)
- Different materials have different heat capacities.
- Specific heat capacity is used to compare heat capacities.
- The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy transfer required to raise 1 kg by one degree.
Specific Heat Capacity Formula
- c = Q / mΔT
- m = Mass of the substance
- c = Specific heat capacity of the substance
- ΔT = Difference in temperature (final temperature minus initial temperature)
- Specific heat capacity is measured in J/kg⋅K (Joules per kilogram-kelvin).
Thermal Energy Transfers (Specific Latent Heat of Fusion)
- Specific latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance changes from one phase to another.
Latent Heat of Fusion Formula
- L = Q / m
- L = specific latent heat of fusion
- Q = energy transferred
- m = mass of the substance
- Latent heat is measured in J/kg
Activities Example
- Crushed ice at -10°C is heated in a container, and temperature is recorded over time.
- The flat section AB on a time-temperature graph indicates a change of state, ice to water.
- The heat supplied is used to change ice from a solid to liquid state, bonds between molecules are broken during the phase change.
- Fusion applies to phase changes between solid to liquid and liquid to solid.
Thermal Energy Transfers (Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization)
- Specific latent heat of vaporization is the amount of energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance changes from one phase to another.
Latent Heat of Vaporization Formula
- L = Q / m
- L is the specific latent heat of vaporization.
- Q is the energy transferred.
- m is the mass of the substance.
Thermal Energy Transfer
- Thermal energy transfers from hot to cooler areas through:
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
Conduction
- Energy transfer mainly takes place without the actual movement of atoms during conduction
- Conduction occurs through two mechanisms:
- Atomic vibrations
- Free electron collisions
- Metals are good conductors due to the high number of de-localized electrons.
Convection
- Energy transfer takes place with the actual movement of atoms due to variation in density.
- Convection explains land and sea breezes.
- Winds are driven by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface.
Radiation
- Only method of thermal energy transfer that doesn't require matter.
- Involves the transfer of heat by means of electromagnetic radiation, generally in the infrared region.
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Description
Explore the three states of matter, their properties, and the transitions between them. Understand the concept of specific heat capacity and how it differs for various materials. Learn how to calculate specific heat capacity using the formula c = Q / mΔT.
