States of Matter and Separation Techniques

What property of solids allows them to keep their shape?

Gases are easy to compress due to their particles being closely packed.

What is the term for a solid that does not dissolve in a liquid?

In the process of ________, a solid is separated from a liquid using filter paper.

Which method would you use to separate a mixture of colors in ink?

Match the separation technique with its description:

During a change of state, the temperature of a substance changes continuously.

What is the purpose of the condenser in a distillation setup?

States of Matter and Separation Techniques

Particle Model
- Solids: Particles vibrate in fixed positions, close together
- Liquids: Particles slide over each other, close together
- Gases: Particles are far apart, free to move in all directions
Changes of State
- Heating a substance gives it energy
- Particles gain energy to overcome forces between them
- Temperature remains constant during a change of state (flat line on graph)
Diffusion
- Particles in a liquid or gas spread from high to low concentration until equal
Dissolving
- Solvent: Liquid
- Solute: Solid
- Solution: Mixture of solid and liquid
- Soluble: Solid dissolves in liquid
- Insoluble: Solid does not dissolve in liquid

Separation Techniques

Distillation
- Separates substances with different boiling points
- Heat salt water, water boils at 100°C and evaporates
- Water vapor cools and condenses in a condenser back to liquid water
Filtration
- Separates insoluble solids from liquids
- Solid particles are too large to pass through filter paper
Chromatography
- Separates colours in a mixture
- Water rises up the paper and drags coloured inks
- More soluble ink travels further
- Rf value calculated to identify pure substances
  - 𝑅𝑓 = Distance moved by the substance / Distance moved by the solvent

Explore the essential concepts of states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases along with key separation techniques such as distillation. Understand how particle behavior and changes in state influence physical properties and processes. This quiz will challenge your knowledge on these foundational topics in chemistry.