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Questions and Answers
What characteristic defines a solid in terms of particle arrangement?
What characteristic defines a solid in terms of particle arrangement?
- Particles are arranged in a circular pattern
- Particles are tightly packed with little room for movement (correct)
- Particles are loosely packed with room for movement
- Particles are randomly arranged with significant movement
Which of the following statements about liquids is true?
Which of the following statements about liquids is true?
- Liquids occupy the shape of their container and have a definite volume (correct)
- Liquids have particles that do not move
- Liquids have a definite shape and volume
- Liquids can be easily compressed
What is one key difference between gases and liquids?
What is one key difference between gases and liquids?
- Gases have particles that are closely packed
- Gases have a definite shape and volume
- Gases can be compressed easily, unlike liquids (correct)
- Gases flow like solids
How are physical properties different from chemical properties?
How are physical properties different from chemical properties?
What property distinguishes water from kerosene?
What property distinguishes water from kerosene?
Which statement about gases is accurate regarding their particle arrangement?
Which statement about gases is accurate regarding their particle arrangement?
What is the effect of pressure on gas volume?
What is the effect of pressure on gas volume?
What happens to a liquid's properties when it is heated to its boiling point?
What happens to a liquid's properties when it is heated to its boiling point?
Which of the following best describes a typical feature of solids?
Which of the following best describes a typical feature of solids?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Matter exists in different states based on the arrangement and distance of its particles.
- Solid:
- Retains a definite shape and volume.
- Particles are tightly packed with minimal movement.
- Highly resistant to compression.
- Liquid:
- Has a definite volume but conforms to the shape of its container.
- Particles are further apart, allowing for movement.
- Cannot be significantly compressed.
- Gas:
- Lacks a definite shape and volume.
- Particles are randomly arranged and have high mobility.
- Easily compressible by reducing the container's volume.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Substances exhibit different properties due to variations in atomic composition and structure.
- Examples include:
- Kerosene (flammable) vs. water (non-flammable).
Physical Properties
- Can be measured or observed without creating a new substance.
- Boiling Point:
- Temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor.
- Identity of the substance remains unchanged during phase transition.
- Melting Point:
- Temperature at which a solid transitions into a liquid.
- Phase Changes:
- Evaporation: Liquid to gas.
- Condensation: Gas to liquid.
- Deposition: Gas to solid.
- Sublimation: Solid to gas.
- Melting: Solid to liquid.
- Freezing: Liquid to solid.
Chemical Properties
- Require a chemical reaction to be observed, resulting in a change of identity.
- Flammability:
- A substance's ability to ignite and burn.
- Example: Burning hydrogen gas produces water.
- Toxicity:
- The capacity of a substance to harm living organisms.
- More toxic substances require smaller amounts to cause harm, interfering with physiological processes.
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